ArticleJournal of attention disorders2022
ADHD Comorbidity Structure and Impairment: Results of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project (WMH-ICS).
Article in Journal of attention disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- School-based randomized controlled trials for ADHD and accompanying impairments: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- A Neuroaffirmative, Self-Determination Theory-Based Psychosocial Intervention for Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Randomized Feasibility Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- Students' Experiences of Living with ADHD at University: A Meta-Ethnography.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Review
- University Students and the Stimulant Shortage: A Survey of Strategies to Obtain Medication, Consequences of Shortages, and Mental Health Correlates.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Invisible disabilities and health among U.S. postsecondary students.Journal of American college health : J of ACH · 2026Article
- Measuring Accuracy (Classification Probabilities, Positive, and Negative Predictive Values) of Executive Function Electroencephalogram Metrics in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis: Protocol for and Perspectives From the SINCRONIA Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- The combined ADHD profile faces the greatest risk of delay, depletion and disengagement in university students.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Investigating PhD students' wellbeing and mental health: towards evidence-led and innovative solutions.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The role of self-compassion in mental health among early adulthood with ADHD symptoms: a network psychometric approach.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Serious Video Game (The Secret Trail of Moon) for Emotional Regulation in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Randomized Clinical Trial.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Unveiling ADHD's impact on higher education students: statistics anxiety, attitudes, and statistical literacy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Associations of environmental tobacco smoke with ADHD and executive function in early adulthood: results from a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of ADHD symptoms among higher education students in Southern Ethiopia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Frequency of low ImPACT scores among adolescent and young adult student-athletes with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or learning disorder.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Association among attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, restless legs syndrome, and peripheral iron status: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Adaptation, Academic Performance and Support: Students with and without Disabilities and Future Considerations for Counselling Psychology.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Treatment Patterns Among Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Anxiety and/or Depression in the United States: A Retrospective Claims Analysis.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science - from characterization to cause.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 11 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the prevalence of ADHD and the association of comorbid disorders, and multivariate disorder classes with role impairment in college students.
methodAbout 15,991 freshmen (24 colleges, 9 countries, WMH-ICS) (response rate = 45.6%) completed online WMH-CIDI-SC surveys for 6-month ADHD and six 12-month DSM-IV disorders. We examined multivariate disorder classes using latent class analysis (LCA) and simulated a population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) of ADHD-related impairment.
resultsAbout 15.9% had ADHD, of which 58.4% had comorbidities. LCA classified ADHD respondents to pure (42.9%), internalizing (36.0%), bipolar comorbidities (11.3%), and externalizing disorder classes (9.8%). ADHD, comorbidities, and multivariate disorder classes independently predicted severe impairment. PARPs: eliminating ADHD hypothetically reduced severe impairment by 19.2%, 10.1% adjusted for comorbidities, 9.5% for multivariate disorder classes.
conclusionsADHD and comorbid disorders are common and impairing in college students. Personalized transdiagnostic interventions guided by multivariate disorder classes should be explored.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.