Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34752921›Full record

SynthesisTravel medicine and infectious disease

Prognostic value of apolipoproteins in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Juan R Ulloque-Badaracco, Enrique A Hernandez-Bustamante, Percy Herrera-Añazco, Vicente A Benites-Zapata

Open access · greenAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Travel medicine and infectious disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The prognostic value of serum apolipoprotein A1 levels in elderly patients withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  6. Alterations in plasma proteome during acute COVID-19 and recovery.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Alterations in platelet proteome signature and impaired platelet integrin αJournal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. COVID19 biomarkers: What did we learn from systematic reviews?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Juan R Ulloque-BadaraccoEscuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.
Enrique A Hernandez-BustamanteSociedad Cientifica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru; Grupo Peruano de Investigación Epidemiológica, Unidad para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
Percy Herrera-AñazcoUniversidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru; Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru.
Vicente A Benites-ZapataEscuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru. Electronic address: vbeniteszapata@gmail.com.
Peruvian University of Applied Sciences · PEUniversidad Privada San Juan Bautista · PEUniversidad San Ignacio de Loyola · PE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionApolipoproteins are predictive biomarkers for cardiovascular, neoplasms and cerebrovascular diseases and are postulated as prognostic biomarkers in infectious diseases, as COVID-19. Thus, we assessed the prognosis value of apolipoproteins for COVID-19 severity and mortality.

methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using observational studies that reported the association between apolipoproteins and severity or mortality in COVID-19 patients. Newcastle-Ottawa was used for the quality assessment of included studies. Effects measurements were shown as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and Egger-test was developed for assessing the risk of bias publication.

resultsWe analyzed 12 cohort studies (n = 3580). Patients with low ApoliproteinA1 (ApoA1) (OR 0.35; 95%CI 0.24 to 0.49; P < 0.001) and ApoliproteinB (ApoB) (OR = 0.78; 95%CI 0.69 to 0.87; P < 0.001) values had a higher risk of developing severe disease. ApoB/ApoA1 ratio showed no statistically significant association with higher odds of severity. Low ApoA1 levels were associated with higher odds of all-cause mortality (OR = 0.34; 95%CI 0.20 to 0.57; P < 0.001). ApoB values showed no statistically significant association with a high risk of all-cause mortality.

conclusionWe suggest that adequate levels of ApoA1 and ApoB can be a protective factor for severity in COVID-19, and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio did not show predictive utility for severity.

Indexed as

COVID-19Apolipoprotein A-IApolipoproteinsHumansPrognosisRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2Apolipoprotein A-IApolipoproteinsApoAApoBMortalityPrognosisSars-Cov-2

Identifiers

PMID34752921
PMCPMC8575373
OpenAlexW3212229721

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.