ArticlePloS one2021
Study of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial profile of nosocomial infections and their antibiotic resistance in a referral center, Southwest Iran: A three year cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review on progress, challenges, and recommendations for implementing the One Health approach in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance: Stewardship and One Health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.Cureus · 2024Review
- The Impact of Fast Microbiology in Intensive Care Units in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance: An Observational Retrospective Study.Current microbiology · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-04-03Author Unresponsive · Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare · Informed/Patient Consent - None/Withdrawn · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Lack of IRB/IACUC Approval and/or Compliance · Objections by Author(s) ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe drug resistance is expected to be the most important challenge in infection control in Iran, where there is no local report or standard drug resistance monitoring system. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial profile of nosocomial infections and their antibiotic resistance in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. METHODOLOGY: The gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were identified on the basis of conventional culture and biochemical tests. The antibiotic resistance of the bacterial isolates against antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method.
resultsAmong total 1156 collected positive samples, E. coli and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the most frequent pathogenic gram negative bacteria (GNB) and gram positive bacteria (GPB) respectively. Drug susceptibility testing revealed that among GNB, P. aeruginosa was 100% resistant to amikacin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. In the case of E. coli, the resistance rate was (98%) for trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and cefepime. For GPB, S. aureus showed the highest resistance rates to amikacin (100%) and clindamycin (100%). In addition, CoNS strains showed a high level of resistance to doxycycline (100%), erythromycin (100%) and cefoxitin (97%). In Bacteroeides fragilis isolates, the highest resistance rate belonged to clindamycin (72%), and Clostridium perfringens strains showed high level of resistance to penicillin (46%).
conclusionThe results highlighted that there are distinct factors leading to antimicrobial resistance in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. The primary contributors to the resistance development, include poor surveillance of drug-resistant infections, poor quality of available antibiotics, clinical misuse, and the ease of access to antibiotics. Moreover, similar factors such as self-medication and the lack of regulation on medication imports play a role in antibiotic resistance in the region.
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