ArticleJournal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society2022
Sex-specific biomechanics and morphology of the anterior cruciate ligament during skeletal growth in a porcine model.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estrogen Receptor Expression Changes After Puberty in the Porcine Anterior Cruciate Ligament.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Age-Related Increases in Graft Tendon Size and Stiffness During Skeletal Growth Enhance Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Function and Joint Stability in an Early Adolescent Porcine Model.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2026Article
- Physeal-sparing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in an early adolescent porcine model provides better anterior stability but similar tissue function compared to a juvenile porcine model.Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) · 2025Article
- Spatially resolved structure-function mapping of the anterior cruciate ligament-bone interface : regional variation in microarchitecture, tensile properties, and stress distribution.Bone & joint research · 2025Article
- Physeal-sparing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction provides better initial joint biomechanics than complete transphyseal reconstruction in an early adolescent porcine model.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Turkey as a novel model for arthroscopic knee surgery research: a comparative analysis with canine and rabbit.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Morphometric analysis of rat and mouse musculoskeletal tissues using high field MRI.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Early degenerative changes are different between partial and complete anterior cruciate ligament injury and associate with joint instability in a skeletally immature porcine model.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2025Article
- Neo-Natal Castration Leads to Subtle Differences in Porcine Anterior Cruciate Ligament Morphology and Function in Adolescence.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2024Article
- Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how).Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Review
- 3D characterization of the triple-bundle Achilles tendon from in vivo high-field MRI.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Article
- Age- and Sex-Specific Joint Biomechanics in Response to Partial and Complete Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in the Porcine Model.Journal of athletic training · 2022Article
- ACL Research Retreat IX Summary Statement: The Pediatric Athlete, March 17-19, 2022; High Point, North Carolina.Journal of athletic training · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are on the rise, and females experience higher ACL injury risk than males during adolescence. Studies in skeletally immature patients indicate differences in ACL size and joint laxity between males and females after the onset of adolescence. However, functional data regarding the ACL and its anteromedial and posterolateral bundles in the pediatric population remain rare. Therefore, this study uses a porcine model to investigate the sex-specific morphology and biomechanics of the ACL and its bundles throughout skeletal growth. Hind limbs from male and female Yorkshire pigs aged early youth to late adolescence were imaged using magnetic resonance imaging to measure the size and orientation of the ACL and its bundles, then biomechanically tested under anterior-posterior drawer using a robotic testing system. Joint laxity decreased (p < 0.001) while joint stiffness increased (p < 0.001) throughout skeletal growth in both sexes. The ACL was the primary stabilizer against anterior tibial loading, while the functional role of the anteromedial bundle increased with age (p < 0.001), with an earlier increase in males. ACL and posterolateral bundle cross-sectional area and ACL and anteromedial bundle length were larger in males than females during adolescence (p < 0.01 for all), while ACL and bundle sagittal angle remained similar between sexes. Additionally, in situ ACL stiffness versus cross-sectional area regressions were significant across skeletal growth (r
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.