ArticleEpidemiology and psychiatric sciences2021
Cardiovascular and metabolic risk of antipsychotics in children and young adults: a multinational self-controlled case series study.
Article in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiometabolic adverse effects of long-term antipsychotic treatment in children and adolescents with non-psychotic disorders: a systematic review of available evidence.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond dopamine: KarXT and emerging mechanism-based therapies in schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Caregivers' Preference for Antipsychotic Medication for Youth Less Than 18 Years-Old: A Discrete Choice Experiment Pilot.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Young patients with congenital heart disease on psychotropic medications have higher recurrence of cardiac events than those without CHD.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Metabolic and Endocrine ADRs of Atypical Antipsychotics (AAPs) in Paediatric Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Review of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Implications for Clinical Monitoring.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Incidence and trend of cardiac events among children and young adults exposed to psychopharmacological treatment (2006-2018): A nationwide register-based study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Cross-Regional Data Initiative for the Assessment and Development of Treatment for Neurological and Mental Disorders.Clinical epidemiology · 2023Article
- Antipsychotics in the Management of Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents: An Update and Critical Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsThe risk of antipsychotic-associated cardiovascular and metabolic events may differ among countries, and limited real-world evidence has been available comparing the corresponding risks among children and young adults. We, therefore, evaluated the risks of cardiovascular and metabolic events in children and young adults receiving antipsychotics.
methodsWe conducted a multinational self-controlled case series (SCCS) study and included patients aged 6-30 years old who had both exposure to antipsychotics and study outcomes from four nationwide databases of Taiwan (2004-2012), Korea (2010-2016), Hong Kong (2001-2014) and the UK (1997-2016) that covers a total of approximately 100 million individuals. We investigated three antipsychotics exposure windows (i.e., 90 days pre-exposure, 1-30 days, 30-90 days and 90 + days of exposure). The outcomes were cardiovascular events (stroke, ischaemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction), or metabolic events (hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia).
resultsWe included a total of 48 515 individuals in the SCCS analysis. We found an increased risk of metabolic events only in the risk window with more than 90-day exposure, with a pooled IRR of 1.29 (95% CI 1.20-1.38). The pooled IRR was 0.98 (0.90-1.06) for 1-30 days and 0.88 (0.76-1.02) for 31-90 days. We found no association in any exposure window for cardiovascular events. The pooled IRR was 1.86 (0.74-4.64) for 1-30 days, 1.35 (0.74-2.47) for 31-90 days and 1.29 (0.98-1.70) for 90 + days.
conclusionsLong-term exposure to antipsychotics was associated with an increased risk of metabolic events but did not trigger cardiovascular events in children and young adults.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
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