Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34751603›Full record

ArticleGut microbes

Naturalizing laboratory mice by housing in a farmyard-type habitat confers protection against colorectal carcinogenesis.

Henriette Arnesen, Thomas C A Hitch, Christina Steppeler, Mette Helen Bjørge Müller, Linn Emilie Knutsen, Gjermund Gunnes, Inga Leena Angell, Ida Ormaasen, Knut Rudi, Jan Erik Paulsen and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. A gavage-fomite based method to generate mouse models with natural microbiota.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Henriette ArnesenDepartment of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Aas, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-1173-4010
Thomas C A HitchFunctional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2244-7412
Christina SteppelerDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Aas, Oslo, Norway.
Mette Helen Bjørge MüllerDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Aas, Oslo, Norway.
Linn Emilie KnutsenDepartment of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Aas, Norway.
Gjermund GunnesDepartment of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Aas, Norway.
Inga Leena AngellFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway.
Ida OrmaasenFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway.
Knut RudiFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway.
Jan Erik PaulsenDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Aas, Oslo, Norway.
Thomas ClavelFunctional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7229-5595
Harald CarlsenFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-5123-5756
Preben BoysenDepartment of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Aas, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-0084-1251
Norwegian University of Life Sciences · NORWTH Aachen University · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Living in a farm environment in proximity to animals is associated with reduced risk of developing allergies and asthma, and has been suggested to protect against other diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. Despite epidemiological evidence, experimental disease models that recapitulate such environments are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we show that feralizing conventional inbred mice by continuous exposure to a livestock farmyard-type environment conferred protection toward colorectal carcinogenesis. Two independent experimental approaches for colorectal cancer induction were used; spontaneous (Apc Min/+ mice on an A/J background) or chemical (AOM/DSS). In contrast to conventionally reared laboratory mice, the feralized mouse gut microbiota structure remained stable and resistant to mutagen- and colitis-induced neoplasia. Moreover, the feralized mice exhibited signs of a more mature immunophenotype, indicated by increased expression of NK and T-cell maturation markers, and a more potent IFN-γ response to stimuli. In our study, hygienically born and raised mice subsequently feralized post-weaning were protected to a similar level as life-long exposed mice, although the greatest effect was seen upon neonatal exposure. Collectively, we show protective implications of a farmyard-type environment on colorectal cancer development and demonstrate the utility of a novel animal modeling approach that recapitulates realistic disease responses in a naturalized mammal.

Indexed as

EcosystemAnimal HusbandryAnimalsCarcinogenesisColonColorectal NeoplasmsDisease Models, AnimalFarmsGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHumansKiller Cells, NaturalMiceT-Lymphocytesanimal modelcolorectal cancerfarmyard-like habitatferalized miceGut microbiotaimmunitynaturalized miceshort-chain fatty acids

Identifiers

PMID34751603
PMCPMC8583187
OpenAlexW3214269027

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.