Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34751133›Full record

ArticleeLife2021

Consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting multi-analyst studies.

Balazs Aczel, Barnabas Szaszi, Gustav Nilsonne, Olmo R van den Akker, Casper J Albers, Marcel Alm van Assen, Jojanneke A Bastiaansen, Daniel Benjamin, Udo Boehm, Rotem Botvinik-Nezer and 44 more

Abstract readConsensus Statement
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Many AI analysts, one dataset: Navigating the agentic data science multiverse.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Introducing synchronous robustness reports.Nature human behaviour · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. What is the vibration of effects?BMJ evidence-based medicine · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Toward a more credible assessment of the credibility of science by many-analyst studies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Heterogeneity in effect size estimates.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

54 authors.

Balazs Aczel *ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0001-9364-4988
Barnabas Szaszi *ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0001-7078-2712
Gustav NilsonneKarolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-5273-0150
Olmo R van den AkkerTilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.
Casper J AlbersUniversity of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Marcel Alm van AssenTilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.
Jojanneke A BastiaansenUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4831-6402
Daniel BenjaminUniversity of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2642-5416
Udo BoehmUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-8677-0721
Rotem Botvinik-NezerDartmouth College, Hanover, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2669-1877
Laura F BringmannUniversity of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-8091-9935
Niko A BuschUniversity of Münster, Muenster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4837-0345
Emmanuel CaruyerUniversity of Rennes, CNRS, Inria and Inserm, Rennes, France.ORCID 0000-0002-8547-7726
Andrea M CataldoMcLean Hospital, Belmont, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2787-224X
Nelson CowanUniversity of Missouri, Columbia, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3711-4338
Andrew DeliosNational University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-6791-227X
Noah Nn van DongenUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0387-7388
Chris DonkinUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Johnny B van DoornUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0270-096X
Anna DreberStockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-3989-9941
Gilles DutilhUniversity Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Gary F EganMonash University, Melbourne, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-3186-4026
Morton Ann GernsbacherUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0397-3329
Rink HoekstraUniversity of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1588-7527
Sabine HoffmannLudwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6197-8801
Felix HolzmeisterUniversity of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-9606-0427
Juergen HuberUniversity of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-0073-0321
Magnus JohannessonStockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-8759-6393
Kai J JonasMaastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Alexander T KindelPrinceton University, Princeton, United States.
Michael KirchlerUniversity of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-5416-2545
Yoram K KunkelsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
D Stephen LindsayUniversity of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
Jean-Francois ManginUniversité Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0002-1612-461X
Dora MatzkeAmsterdam University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Marcus R MunafòUniversity of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Ben R NewellUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1898-205X
Brian A NosekCenter for Open Science, Charlottesville, United States.
Russell A PoldrackStanford University, Stanford, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6755-0259
Don van RavenzwaaijUniversity of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5030-4091
Jörg RieskampUniversity of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2632-8015
Matthew J SalganikPrinceton University, Princeton, United States.
Alexandra SarafoglouAmsterdam University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Tom SchonbergTel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.ORCID 0000-0002-4485-816X
Martin SchweinsbergESMT Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3529-9463
David ShanksUniversity College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-4600-6323
Raphael SilberzahnUniversity of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.
Daniel J SimonsUniversity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, United States.
Barbara A SpellmanUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States.
Samuel St-JeanUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-8092-2974
Jeffrey J StarnsUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, United States.
Eric Luis UhlmannINSEAD, Singapore, Singapore.
Jelte WichertsTilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-2415-2933
Eric-Jan WagenmakersAmsterdam University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Funding

European Research Council 681466
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Any large dataset can be analyzed in a number of ways, and it is possible that the use of different analysis strategies will lead to different results and conclusions. One way to assess whether the results obtained depend on the analysis strategy chosen is to employ multiple analysts and leave each of them free to follow their own approach. Here, we present consensus-based guidance for conducting and reporting such multi-analyst studies, and we discuss how broader adoption of the multi-analyst approach has the potential to strengthen the robustness of results and conclusions obtained from analyses of datasets in basic and applied research.

Indexed as

Data AnalysisDatasets as TopicResearchanalytical variabilityexpert consensusmedicinemetasciencemulti-analystneurosciencenonescience forumstatistical practice

Identifiers

PMID34751133
PMCPMC8626083

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.