ArticleEye (London, England)2022
The effect of systemic levels of TNF-alpha and complement pathway activity on outcomes of VEGF inhibition in neovascular AMD.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of the cytokine TNF-α in choroidal neovascularization: a systematic review.Eye (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Insights into the modulation of age-related macular degeneration: Molecular and systems-level perspectives.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- The impact of systemic long-term medications for the development of age-related macular degeneration.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Caveola and Its Resident Proteins, Caveolin-1 and -2, Play Critical Roles in the Pathogenesis of nAMD and PCV.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Effect of Intraperitoneal Humanin-G in Retinal Degeneration of Royal College of Surgeons Rats.Research square · 2026Article
- The Role of Systemic Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Subtypes: Exploring Novel Biomarkers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Effect of Intraperitoneal Humanin-G in Retinal Degeneration of Royal College of Surgeons Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Serum RNA Profile Reflects Fluid Status and Atrophic Retinal Changes in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Association Between Periodontitis and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Potential for Personalized Approach.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Sialylation as a checkpoint for inflammatory and complement-related retinal diseases.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of Xueshuantong in the Treatment of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Using GEO Datasets, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploring the Effect of the Gut Microbiome on the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration From the Perspective of Causality.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c: Potential Therapeutic Candidate in Retinal Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A study of the relationship between cytokine levels and the response to anti-VEGF therapy in polypoid choroidal vasculopathy with different choroidal thicknesses.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Full characterization of the three pathways of the complement system in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Predicting late-stage age-related macular degeneration by integrating marginally weak SNPs in GWA studies.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Neuroprotection for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology science · 2022Review
- Differential mitochondrial and cellular responses between H vs. J mtDNA haplogroup-containing human RPE transmitochondrial cybrid cells.Experimental eye research · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesSystemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activated complement components affect the risk and/or progression of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study investigated the effect of serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and complement pathway activity on the clinical response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition in neovascular AMD.
methodsSixty-five patients with a new diagnosis of neovascular AMD were observed over a six-month period in a single-centre, longitudinal cohort study. At each visit, the visual acuity score (VAS), central macular thickness (CMT), serum levels of CRP, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8), and complement pathway activity were measured. Participant DNA samples were sequenced for six complement pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AMD.
resultsA statistically significant difference in VAS was observed for serum levels of TNF-α only: there was a gain in VAS (from baseline) of 1.37 for participants below the 1st quartile of mean concentration compared to a reduction of 2.71 for those above the 3rd quartile. Statistical significance was maintained after Bonferroni correction (P value set at <0.006). No significant differences in CMT were observed. In addition, statistically significant differences, maintained after Bonferroni correction, were observed in serum complement activity for participants with the following SNPs: CFH region (rs1061170), SERPING1 (rs2511989) and CFB (rs641153). Serum complement pathway components did not significantly affect VAS.
conclusionsLower serum TNF-α levels were associated with an increase in visual acuity after anti-VEGF therapy. This suggests that targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines may augment treatment for neovascular AMD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.