ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2022
Health inequities and the inappropriate use of race in nephrology.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health inequalities and outcomes following acute kidney injury: a systematic review & meta-analyses of observational studies.BMC nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Bias and Accuracy of Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimating Equations in the US: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- "Yet the Problem Remains": Why Genetic Determinism Still Haunts Biomedical Research.Bioethics · 2026Article
- Optimized plasma p-tau217 and p-tau217/Aβ42 cutoffs enhance detection of pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease across diverse participants.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Observational
- The Design and Conduct of Cohort Studies of Peoples With CKD - International Perspectives From iNET-CKD.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- A Microsimulation-Based Approach for Mitigating Societal Bias in Chronic Kidney Disease Data.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2026Article
- Restoring time lost to race-based medicine.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Article
- Family History of Kidney Failure, APOL1 Risk Variants, Social Determinants of Health, and Risk of CKD Progression: Findings From the CRIC Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2026Observational
- Causal modeling of chronic kidney disease in a participatory framework for informing the inclusion of social drivers in health algorithms.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Veterans with CKD Using a Telenephrology Program in the Veterans Health Administration.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- Epigenomics in Understanding Racial Disparities of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Revamping the KRESCENT Core Curriculum: The KRESCENT 2.0 Program Report.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2026Article
- A microsimulation-based framework for mitigating societal bias in primary care data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Measures of Structural Racism and Black-White Disparity in Stillbirth Rates in New York City, 2009-2018: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Causal modeling of chronic kidney disease in a participatory framework for informing the inclusion of social drivers in health algorithms.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Biomarkers influence kidney function estimates more so than race among persons with HIV.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- How to Leverage Implementation Science to Achieve Equity in Nephrology Care Delivery.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2025Article
- Is pharmacogenetics being racialized? An investigation into the reinscription of racial beliefs in modern biomedicine.Theoretical medicine and bioethics · 2025Article
- Ethnic differences in early blood tacrolimus concentrations after kidney transplantation: a retrospective observational study.BMC nephrology · 2025Observational
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 11 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is an important clinical condition beset with racial and ethnic disparities that are associated with social inequities. Many medical schools and health centres across the USA have raised concerns about the use of race - a socio-political construct that mediates the effect of structural racism - as a fixed, measurable biological variable in the assessment of kidney disease. We discuss the role of race and racism in medicine and outline many of the concerns that have been raised by the medical and social justice communities regarding the use of race in estimated glomerular filtration rate equations, including its relationship with structural racism and racial inequities. Although race can be used to identify populations who experience racism and subsequent differential treatment, ignoring the biological and social heterogeneity within any racial group and inferring innate individual-level attributes is methodologically flawed. Therefore, although more accurate measures for estimating kidney function are under investigation, we support the use of biomarkers for determining estimated glomerular filtration rate without adjustments for race. Clinicians have a duty to recognize and elucidate the nuances of racism and its effects on health and disease. Otherwise, we risk perpetuating historical racist concepts in medicine that exacerbate health inequities and impact marginalized patient populations.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.