Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34750532›Full record

ArticleNature ecology & evolution2021

Plasmids do not consistently stabilize cooperation across bacteria but may promote broad pathogen host-range.

Anna E Dewar, Joshua L Thomas, Thomas W Scott, Geoff Wild, Ashleigh S Griffin, Stuart A West, Melanie Ghoul

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature ecology & evolution, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. How social is social resistance?Essays in biochemistry · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Cooperation and the evolution of bacterial niche breadth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  5. Studying adaptation at the invisible scale.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. A phylogenetic approach to comparative genomics.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025
    Review
  11. Spatial population dynamics of bacterial colonies with social antibiotic resistance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Bacterial lifestyle shapes pangenomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Anna E Dewar *Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. anna.dewar@zoo.ox.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-2706
Joshua L Thomas *Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-1427
Thomas W ScottDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-3905
Geoff WildDepartment of Applied Mathematics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Ashleigh S GriffinDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-9825
Stuart A WestDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-3153
Melanie GhoulDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/M011224/1European Research Council 834164
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Horizontal gene transfer via plasmids could favour cooperation in bacteria, because transfer of a cooperative gene turns non-cooperative cheats into cooperators. This hypothesis has received support from theoretical, genomic and experimental analyses. By contrast, we show here, with a comparative analysis across 51 diverse species, that genes for extracellular proteins, which are likely to act as cooperative 'public goods', were not more likely to be carried on either: (1) plasmids compared to chromosomes; or (2) plasmids that transfer at higher rates. Our results were supported by theoretical modelling which showed that, while horizontal gene transfer can help cooperative genes initially invade a population, it has less influence on the longer-term maintenance of cooperation. Instead, we found that genes for extracellular proteins were more likely to be on plasmids when they coded for pathogenic virulence traits, in pathogenic bacteria with a broad host-range.

Indexed as

BacteriaGene Transfer, HorizontalHost SpecificityPlasmids

Identifiers

PMID34750532
PMCPMC7612097

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.