ArticleScientific reports2021
A study of sex difference in infant mortality in UK pediatric intensive care admissions over an 11-year period.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Survival analysis of under-five mortality predictors: evidence from the 2011 and 2022/23 mozambique demographic and health surveys.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Differences in Paediatric intensive care mortality by biological sex: a study of English PICUs using linked administrative datasets.Intensive care medicine. Paediatric and neonatal · 2026Article
- Peripandemic outcomes of infants treated for sentinel congenital heart diseases in England and Wales.Open heart · 2025Article
- Regional Disparities in the Infant Mortality Rate in Korea Between 2001 and 2021.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Is there a sex difference in mortality rates in paediatric intensive care units?: a systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Article
- Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in Mozambique: Insights From the Demographic and Health Survey 2022/23.Sage open pediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Within the UK, child mortality from all causes has declined for all ages over the last three decades. However, distinct inequality remains, as child mortality rates are generally found to be higher in males. A significant proportion of childhood deaths in the UK occur in Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU). We studied the association of sex with infant mortality in PICUs. We included all infants (0 to 12 months old) admitted to UK PICUs from 01/01/2005 to 31/12/2015 using the Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network (PICANet) dataset. We considered first admissions to PICU and fitted a cause-specific-hazard-ratio (CSHR) model, and a logistic model to estimate the adjusted association between sex and mortality in PICU. Pre-defined subgroups were children less than 56-days old, and those with a primary diagnosis of infection. Of 71,243 cases, 1,411/29,520 (4.8%) of females, and 1,809/41,723 (4.3%) of males died. The adjusted male/female CSHR was 0.87 (95%-CI 0.81 to 0.92) representing a 13% higher risk of death for females. The adjusted OR for male to female mortality is 0.86 (95%-CI 0.80 to 0.93). Analyses in subgroups yielded similar findings. In our analysis, female infants have a higher rate of PICU mortality compared to male infants.
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Registered trials
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