ArticleAIDS (London, England)2022
Growth deficits in antiretroviral and HIV-exposed uninfected versus unexposed children in Malawi and Uganda persist through 60 months of age.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01061151 (Breastfeeding Version of the PROMISE Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Breastfeeding Version of the PROMISE Study (Promoting Maternal and Infant Survival Everywhere)
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal comparison of bone, growth, and biochemical markers in breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed Ugandan children.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Article
- Placenta models for HIV-1-ART-nicotine comorbidity research: advances and remaining challenges.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- The impact of dolutegravir on the growth of HIV-exposed uninfected infants: an observational cohort study in rural Tanzania.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Hearing Assessment in HIV-Exposed-Uninfected Infants.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Growth, infection, and humoral immunity in children who are HIV exposed and uninfected.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Comparative growth of children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected with those who are HIV-unexposed and uninfected at age 1 and 2 years in South Africa: a prospective cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Differences in growth trajectories in breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed infants in Kenya: An observational cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2025Observational
- Maternal Phenotype, Infant Size and Breast Milk Composition in Women Living With HIV.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Growth Patterns of HIV-Exposed and -Unexposed Infants in African Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Poorer Longitudinal Growth Among HIV Exposed Compared With Unexposed Infants in Kenya.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Growth-promoting hormonal alterations in pregnant women living with HIV receiving dolutegravir-based antiretroviral treatment are associated with lower infant 1-year weight z-scores.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Growth Trajectories Over the First Year of Life Among Early-Treated Infants with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Infants Who are Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Association of in utero HIV exposure with child brain structure and language development: a South African birth cohort study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Lower academic performance among children with perinatal HIV exposure in Botswana.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Achieving equity for children and adolescents with perinatal HIV exposure: an urgent need for a paradigm shift.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- A 12-month Prospective Study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Women and Their Infants in Malawi: Comparative Analysis of Clinical Events and Infant Growth.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Risk factors for stunting in children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected after Option B+ implementation in Malawi.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- No Difference in Growth Outcomes up to 24 Months of Age by Duration of Exposure to Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy Among Children Who Are HIV-Exposed and Uninfected in Malawi.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare childhood physical growth among antiretroviral drug and maternal HIV-exposed uninfected (AHEU) compared with HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children.
designLongitudinal follow-up of PROMISE trial (NCT01061151) AHEU and age-matched and sex-matched HUU children, enrolled (September 2013 to October 2014) in Malawi and Uganda.
methodWe compared WHO population standardized z-scores [height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), head-circumference-for-age (HCAZ) at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months of age]. We evaluated HUU versus AHEU [in-utero combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) versus Zidovudine (ZDV) alone]; stratified by country, using longitudinal linear and generalized linear mixed models.
resultsOf 466 Malawian and 477 Ugandan children, median maternal age at enrollment was 24.5 years (Malawi) and 27.8 years (Uganda); more than 90% were breastfed through 12 months except Uganda AHEU (64.0%). HAZ scores (adjusted for maternal age, breastfed, and socioeconomic status) were lower among AHEU versus HUU children at every time point, significant (P < 0.05) among Ugandan but not Malawian children. Similar patterns were seen for WAZ but not for WHZ or HCAZ scores. High stunting was observed in both countries, significantly higher in Malawi; and higher among AHEU versus HUU children through 48 months of age, significantly (P < 0.05) among Ugandan but not Malawian children. We found no differences in childhood growth trajectories with in-utero exposures to ZDV compared with cART.
conclusionAHEU versus HUU children had lower median LAZ and WAZ scores persisting through 60 months of age. However, proportions of children with stunting or underweight decreased after 24 months of age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.