ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2021
Socioeconomic gradient in COVID-19 vaccination: evidence from Israel.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants WT and XBB.1.9: Assessing Vulnerabilities and Preparedness.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Perceived neighborhood disadvantage and poor chronic health in Israel.Israel journal of health policy research · 2025Article
- Spatial prediction of immunity gaps during a pandemic to inform decision making: A geostatistical case study of COVID-19 in Dominican Republic.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic status correlates with COVID-19 vaccination coverage among primary and secondary students in the most populated city of Chile.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- High coverage and equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in two vulnerable areas in Bangladesh.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Life Science 2.0: reframing the life science sector for 'the benefit on mankind'.Global health action · 2024Article
- Developing and validating a culturally tailored questionnaire to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Israel's ultraorthodox Jewish population.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Parental Socioeconomic Status and an Infant's Risk of Hospital Admission for Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2024Article
- Factors Predicting COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and Longevity of Humoral Immune Responses.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Association between Socioeconomic Status and Vaccination Hesitancy, Reluctancy and Confidence among Asian-Americans Living in the State of New Jersey.Journal of community health · 2024Article
- Rationing, Responsibility, and Vaccination during COVID-19: A Conceptual Map.The American journal of bioethics : AJOB · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccination at a hospital in Paris: Spatial analyses and inverse equity hypothesis.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Socio-Demographic and Economic Factors Associated with Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccine among Pregnant Women at Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi County, Kenya.Open journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Caregiver's perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination, and intention to vaccinate their children against the disease: a questionnaire based qualitative study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- The Relationship of COVID-19 Vaccination Status with Health Literacy of Syrians Living in Istanbul.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Socioeconomic status and disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Eastern Oslo, Norway.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic and ethnic disparities along five waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons we have not yet learnt.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2023Article
- Disparities in access to COVID-19 vaccine in Verona, Italy: a cohort study using local health immunization data.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Geographic and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Delays in COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLow socioeconomic status (SES) groups have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to examine COVID-19 vaccination rate by neighborhood SES and ethnicity in Israel, a country which has achieved high vaccination rates.
methodsData on vaccinations were obtained from the Israeli Ministry of Health's open COVID-19 database, for December 20, 2020 to August 31, 2021. Correlation between vaccination rate and neighborhood SES was analyzed. Difference in vaccination rate between the first and second vaccine dose was analyzed by neighborhood SES and ethnicity.
findingsA clear socioeconomic gradient was demonstrated, with higher vaccination rates in the higher SES categories (first dose: r = 0.66; second dose: r = 0.74; third dose: r = 0.92). Vaccination uptake was lower in the lower SES groups and in the Arab population, with the largest difference in uptake between Jewish and Arab localities for people younger than 60, and with the gap widening between first and third doses.
conclusionsLow SES groups and the Arab ethnic minority demonstrated disparities in vaccine uptake, which were greater for the second and third, compared with the first vaccine dose. Strategies to address vaccination inequity will need to identify barriers, provide targeted information, and include trust-building in disadvantaged communities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.