ArticleBMC public health2021
Quantifying contact patterns in response to COVID-19 public health measures in Canada.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intraindividual variability in non-household contacts: a German longitudinal study, April 2020-December 2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Changes in social contact patterns in Germany during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic - an analysis based on the COVIMOD study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Assessing the role of children in the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium using perturbation analysis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection before and after the Omicron wave in a cohort of healthcare workers in Ontario, Canada.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Examining the effects of voluntary avoidance behaviour and policy-mediated behaviour change on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: A mathematical model.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2024Article
- Social contact patterns during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Norway: insights from a panel study, April to September 2020.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Importance of social inequalities to contact patterns, vaccine uptake, and epidemic dynamics.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Social contacts patterns relevant to the transmission of infectious diseases in Suzhou, China following the COVID-19 epidemic.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Knowledge, attitude and preventive practice toward Covid-19 and associated factors among outpatients in a rural hospital in Vietnam.Journal of public health research · 2024Article
- Social contact patterns among employees in U.S. long-term care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, December 2020 to June 2021.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Pandemic fatigue or enduring precautionary behaviours? Canadians' long-term response to COVID-19 public health measures.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Cohort profile: the British Columbia COVID-19 Population Mixing Patterns Survey (BC-Mix).BMJ open · 2022Article
- Human behaviour, NPI and mobility reduction effects on COVID-19 transmission in different countries of the world.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Patterns of human social contact and mask wearing in high-risk groups in China.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2022Article
- Projections of the transmission of the Omicron variant for Toronto, Ontario, and Canada using surveillance data following recent changes in testing policies.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2022Article
- Time trends in social contacts before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: the CONNECT study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Modeling vaccination and control strategies for outbreaks of monkeypox at gatherings.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- The impact of the initial public health response to COVID-19 on swine health surveillance in Ontario.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA variety of public health measures have been implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada to reduce contact between individuals. The objective of this study was to provide empirical contact pattern data to evaluate the impact of public health measures, the degree to which social contacts rebounded to normal levels, as well as direct public health efforts toward age- and location-specific settings.
methodsFour population-based cross-sectional surveys were administered to members of a paid panel representative of Canadian adults by age, gender, official language, and region of residence during May (Survey 1), July (Survey 2), September (Survey 3), and December (Survey 4) 2020. A total of 4981 (Survey 1), 2493 (Survey 2), 2495 (Survey 3), and 2491 (Survey 4) respondents provided information about the age and setting for each direct contact made in a 24-h period. Contact matrices were constructed and contacts for those under the age of 18 years imputed. The next generation matrix approach was used to estimate the reproduction number (R
resultsEstimated R
conclusionThe skewed distribution of reported contacts toward workplace settings in September and December combined with the number of reported school-related contacts suggest that these settings represent important opportunities for transmission emphasizing the need to support and ensure infection control procedures in both workplaces and schools.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.