ReviewJournal of structural biology2021
Amelogenesis: Transformation of a protein-mineral matrix into tooth enamel.
Review in Journal of structural biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolution of an amphibian-specific family of epidermal differentiation-associated genes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Human Enamel Formation: A Scoping Review for Oral Health Professionals.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Possible role of microtubules in vesicular transport of matrix protein during sea urchin larval biomineralization.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2026Article
- Serine-16 Phosphorylation, C-Terminal Truncation, and Ion-Specific Interactions Coordinate Amelogenin Nanoribbon Formation.Calcified tissue international · 2026Article
- Reduced Dietary Protein Induces Changes in the Dental Proteome.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2026Article
- Penicillin Disrupts Dental Mineralization in Rats: A Comparative Study With Tetracycline Highlighting Prenatal and Postnatal Risks.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Article
- Functions of secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins in dental mineralization.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2025Review
- Oligomerization Function of the Native Exon 5 Sequence of Ameloblastin Fused with Calmodulin.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Clinical and Technological Evaluation of the Remineralising Effect of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite in a Population Aged 6 to 18 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Expression ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The role of enamel matrix derivatives in periodontal regeneration following tooth replantation/transplantation: a narrative review of post-reperfusion injury.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- The advancement of nanosystems for drug delivery in the prevention and treatment of dental caries.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- The role of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in the process of amelogenesis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- The intricacies of tooth enamel: Embryonic origin, development and human genetics.Journal of structural biology · 2024Review
- The circadian clock in enamel development.International journal of oral science · 2024Review
- Novel Ameloblastin Variants, Contrasting Amelogenesis Imperfecta Phenotypes.Journal of dental research · 2024Article
- Study protocol on the impact of postnatal maternal separation stress on dental enamel formation in a murine experimental model.PloS one · 2024Article
- Predictors of Developmental Defects of Enamel in Primary Maxillary Central Incisors Using Bayesian Model Selection.Caries research · 2024Article
- Physicochemical understanding of biomineralization by molecular vibrational spectroscopy: From mechanism to nature.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2023Review
- Regaining enamel color quality using enamel matrix derivative.Medical molecular morphology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
During enamel formation, the organic enamel protein matrix interacts with calcium phosphate minerals to form elongated, parallel, and bundled enamel apatite crystals of extraordinary hardness and biomechanical resilience. The enamel protein matrix consists of unique enamel proteins such as amelogenin, ameloblastin, and enamelin, which are secreted by highly specialized cells called ameloblasts. The ameloblasts also facilitate calcium and phosphate ion transport toward the enamel layer. Within ameloblasts, enamel proteins are transported as a polygonal matrix with 5 nm subunits in secretory vesicles. Upon expulsion from the ameloblasts, the enamel protein matrix is re-organized into 20 nm subunit compartments. Enamel matrix subunit compartment assembly and expansion coincide with C-terminal cleavage by the MMP20 enamel protease and N-terminal amelogenin self-assembly. Upon enamel crystal precipitation, the enamel protein phase is reconfigured to surround the elongating enamel crystals and facilitate their elongation in C-axis direction. At this stage of development, and upon further amelogenin cleavage, central and polyproline-rich fragments of the amelogenin molecule associate with the growing mineral crystals through a process termed "shedding", while hexagonal apatite crystals fuse in longitudinal direction. Enamel protein sheath-coated enamel "dahlite" crystals continue to elongate until a dense bundle of parallel apatite crystals is formed, while the enamel matrix is continuously degraded by proteolytic enzymes. Together, these insights portrait enamel mineral nucleation and growth as a complex and dynamic set of interactions between enamel proteins and mineral ions that facilitate regularly seeded apatite growth and parallel enamel crystal elongation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.