ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2022
The Incidence of Breast Cancer Recurrence 10-32 Years After Primary Diagnosis.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 225 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
225 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 330 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidance for Canadian Breast Cancer Practice: National Consensus Recommendations for the Systemic Treatment of Patients with HR+/HER2- Early Breast Cancer 2025.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Guideline
- Effects of exercise on inflammation in female survivors of nonmetastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical and Genomic Risk for Late Breast Cancer Recurrence and Survival.NEJM evidence · 2024Pooled it
- Biomarkers predictive of a response to extended endocrine therapy in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Pooled it
- Safety of pregnancy after breast cancer in young women with hormone receptor-positive disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.ESMO open · 2023Pooled it
- Preoperative Partial Breast Irradiation in Patients with Low-Risk Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Literature.Annals of surgical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Reassessing the Benefits and Harms of Risk-Reducing Medication Considering the Persistent Risk of Breast Cancer Mortality in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Targeting dormant tumor cells to prevent recurrent breast cancer: a randomized phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- A single bout of resistance or high-intensity interval training increases anti-cancer myokines and suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro in survivors of breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Trial
- Adjuvant Exemestane With Ovarian Suppression in Premenopausal Breast Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up of the Combined TEXT and SOFT Trials.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Trial
- T cell-dependent modulation of pain behaviors in a rat model of recurring paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Metastasis of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast to the Uterine Cervix 30 Years Post-Mastectomy: A Case Report.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2026Article
- Integrative pipeline to profile and target endocrine therapy-insensitive cell populations in ER+ breast cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-assisted triage of screening mammograms following breast-conserving therapy: a comparative simulation study.La Radiologia medica · 2026Article
- Pretreatment Prediction of Tumor Recurrence in Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy Using Machine Learning With Clinical and CT Radiomics Features.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Unveiling CCL5: the master regulator of breast cancer progression and immune evasion.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Review
- Advances in Mechanism of Action and Efficacy of CBP/p300 Inhibitors in Different Subtypes of Breast Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical and pathologic insights into early and late breast cancer relapses: a real-world analysis from the El Álamo IV registry.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
165 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExtended, more effective breast cancer treatments have increased the prevalence of long-term survivors. We investigated the risk of late breast cancer recurrence (BCR), 10 years or more after primary diagnosis, and associations between patient and tumor characteristics at primary diagnosis and late BCR up to 32 years after primary breast cancer diagnosis.
methodsUsing the Danish Breast Cancer Group clinical database, we identified all women with an incident early breast cancer diagnosed during 1987-2004. We restricted to women who survived 10 years without a recurrence or second cancer (10-year disease-free survivors) and followed them from 10 years after breast cancer diagnosis date until late recurrence, death, emigration, second cancer, or December 31, 2018. We calculated incidence rates per 1000 person-years and cumulative incidences for late BCR, stratifying by patient and tumor characteristics. Using Cox regression, we calculated adjusted hazard ratios for late BCR accounting for competing risks.
resultsAmong 36 924 women with breast cancer, 20 315 became 10-year disease-free survivors. Of these, 2595 developed late BCR (incidence rate = 15.53 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval = 14.94 to 16.14; cumulative incidence = 16.6%, 95% confidence interval = 15.8% to 17.5%) from year 10 to 32 after primary diagnosis. Tumor size larger than 20 mm, lymph node-positive disease, and estrogen receptor-positive tumors were associated with increased cumulative incidences and hazards for late BCR.
conclusionsRecurrences continued to occur up to 32 years after primary diagnosis. Women with high lymph node burden, large tumor size, and estrogen receptor-positive tumors had increased risk of late recurrence. Such patients may warrant extended surveillance, more aggressive treatment, or new therapy approaches.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.