ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Load Across the Spectrum of Untreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Persistent low-level viremia and symptomatic HIV cerebrospinal fluid escape in a person living with HIV receiving darunavir: a case report.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases · 2026Article
- HIV Reservoirs in Brain parenchyma and Cerebrospinal Fluid During Suppressive ART: Same-Same or Very Different?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- HIV gp120 induces TREM1 expression through TLR-PGE₂ signalling in human monocyte-derived microglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Anti-IL-15 treatment reduces acute lentivirus inflammation and signaling in the brain.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Neurosymptomatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Escape Is a Central Nervous System-Focused Form of Antiretroviral Therapy Treatment Failure.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia Syndrome in an ART-naïve Patient With CSF/Plasma HIV-1 RNA Discordance.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Asymptomatic Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV-1 Escape: Incidence and Consequences.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Rapid systemic spread and minimal immune responses following SIVsab intrarectal transmission in African green monkeys.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Characterization of HIV variants from paired Cerebrospinal fluid and Plasma samples in primary microglia and CD4Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- Central Nervous System Effects of Early HIV Infection and Consequences of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation during Acute HIV.Viruses · 2024Review
- Longitudinal analysis of CSF HIV RNA in untreated people with HIV: Identification of CSF controllers.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Unveiling neuroimmunology profile of immunological non-responders in HIV: a multimodal MRI approach.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Tat Upregulates TREM1 Expression in Human Microglia.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Article
- Cohort profile: InfCareHIV, a prospective registry-based cohort study of people with diagnosed HIV in Sweden.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Biotypes of Central Nervous System Complications in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Virology, Immunology, and Neuropathology.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Blood biomarkers for HIV infection with focus on neurologic complications-A review.Acta neurologica Scandinavica · 2022Review
- Reversal of CSF HIV-1 Escape during Treatment of HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis in Botswana.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- HIV Compartmentalization in the CNS and Its Impact in Treatment Outcomes and Cure Strategies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 11 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this large multicenter study was to determine variations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV-RNA in different phases of untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and its associations with plasma HIV-RNA and other biomarkers.
methodsTreatment naive adults with available CSF HIV-RNA quantification were included and divided into groups representing significant disease phases. Plasma HIV-RNA, CSF white blood cell count (WBC), neopterin, and albumin ratio were included when available.
resultsIn total, 1018 patients were included. CSF HIV-RNA was in median (interquartile range [IQR]) 1.03 log10 (0.37-1.86) copies/mL lower than in plasma, and correlated with plasma HIV-RNA (r = 0.44, P < .01), neopterin concentration in CSF (r = 0.49, P < .01) and in serum (r = 0.29, P < .01), CSF WBC (r = 0.34, P < .01) and albumin ratio (r = 0.25, P < .01). CSF HIV-RNA paralleled plasma HIV-RNA in all groups except neuroasymptomatic patients with advanced immunodeficiency (CD4 < 200) and patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD) or opportunistic central nervous system (CNS) infections. Patients with HAD had the highest CSF HIV-RNA (in median [IQR] 4.73 (3.84-5.35) log10 copies/mL). CSF > plasma discordance was found in 126 of 972 individuals (13%) and varied between groups, from 1% in primary HIV, 11% in neuroasymptomatic groups, up to 30% of patients with HAD.
conclusionsOur study confirms previous smaller observations of variations in CSF HIV-RNA in different stages of HIV disease. Overall, CSF HIV-RNA was approximately 1 log10 copies/mL lower in CSF than in plasma, but CSF discordance was found in a substantial minority of subjects, most commonly in patients with HAD, indicating increasing CNS compartmentalization paralleling disease progression.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.