ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2021
Reference Standards for Cardiorespiratory Fitness by Cardiovascular Disease Category and Testing Modality: Data From FRIEND.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peak oxygen uptake in older adults with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.GeroScience · 2026Pooled it
- Exercise Intolerance in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- Main Outcomes of the HEBE Trial: Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition Through a Tailored Feasible Lifestyle Program.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness Reference Standards and Prognostic Stratification in Chinese Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Obesity and Ventilatory Responses During Exercise in the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database (FRIEND).Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Refined Heart Failure Stages Incorporating Cardiorespiratory Fitness Are Differentially Associated With Heart Failure Risk in the Community.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Physiological and Psychological Predictors of Functional Performance Related to Injury Risk in Female Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cardiopulmonary parameters in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot: the reference values for treadmill and cycle ergometer.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Step cadence to guide physical activity intensity in coronary heart disease.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- The Association Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness Directly Assessed by the Cardiopulmonary Stress Test and the Perception of Stress.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Deep learning prediction of peak oxygen uptake in patients with coronary heart disease: a retrospective study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- The MDM2 SNP309 differentially impacts cardiorespiratory fitness in young healthy women and men.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- Independent influence of type 2 diabetes on reduced cardiopulmonary fitness in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exercise, cancer, and the cardiovascular system: clinical effects and mechanistic insights.Basic research in cardiology · 2025Review
- Hypertension and Ventilatory Responses During Exercise in the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database (FRIEND).Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Comparing the Physiological Responses to the 6-Minute Walk Test, Timed Up and Go Test, and Treadmill Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test.Rehabilitation research and practice · 2024Article
- Sarcopenic Obesity Is Associated With Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness Compared With Nonsarcopenic Obesity in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.Circulation. Heart failure · 2022Article
- Cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality risk in patients receiving hemodialysis: a prospective cohort.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologiaObservational
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness for stratifying risk and guiding clinical decisions in patients with cardiovascular disease is well-established. To optimize the clinical value of cardiorespiratory fitness, normative reference standards are essential. The purpose of this report is to extend previous cardiorespiratory fitness normative standards by providing updated cardiorespiratory fitness reference standards according to cardiovascular disease category and testing modality. Methods and Results The analysis included 15 045 tests (8079 treadmill, 6966 cycle) from FRIEND (Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database). Using data from tests conducted January 1, 1974, through March 1, 2021, percentiles of directly measured peak oxygen consumption (VO
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.