ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2021
Brain correlates of depression, post-traumatic distress, and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 survivors: A multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06945627 (Profiling Vulnerability and Resilience for Mental Illness Following Viral Infections), which is not on this map. Cited by 80 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Profiling Vulnerability and Resilience for Mental Illness Following Viral Infections: Translating Epidemiology to Deep-phenotyping
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain microstructural alterations in COVID-19: a systematic review of diffusion weighted imaging studies.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Metabolic brain changes in post-acute COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of [18F]-FDG-PET findings.Brain structure & function · 2025Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 conditions: a systematic review on advanced magnetic resonance neuroimaging findings.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of depression in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.General hospital psychiatryPooled it
- Functional brain abnormalities in post COVID-19 condition and their relationship with cognition.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Long term outcomes of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in post covid condition: longitudinal follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions and symptoms of post-COVID condition: randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on functional and structural connectivity in post-COVID-19 condition patients: A randomized, sham-controlled trial.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2022Trial
- Pulmonary and cerebral damage in COVID-19 survivors: is there any association?Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of plasmapheresis and hemoperfusion in COVID-19 survivors: A six-month follow-up analysis after hospital discharge.Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy · 2026Article
- Neurodegenerative and Cognitive Consequences of Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- MRI-Based Quantitative Assessment of Normal-Appearing White and Gray Matter Demyelination in Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Long COVID, and Normal Aging.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- Post-COVID Fatigue Is Associated With Reduced Cortical Thickness After Hospitalization.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Demyelination and Cognitive Performance in Long COVID Patients with Insomnia and/or Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging biomarkers of post-acute sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019.The British journal of radiology · 2025Review
- Long-term white matter changes in patients who develop severe depression after multiple COVID-19 infections: a 3-6-month study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Inflammatory Profiles Affect Neuropsychiatric Issues in COVID-19 Survivors.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Expression of inflammatory states in response to psychological distress in breast cancer survivors and its relationship to subjective memory function complaints.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Structural and functional brain correlates of the neutrophil- and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in neuropsychiatric disorders.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychiatric sequelae substantially contribute to the post-acute burden of disease associated with COVID-19, persisting months after clearance of the virus. Brain imaging shows white matter (WM) hypodensities/hyperintensities, and the involvement of grey matter (GM) in prefrontal, anterior cingulate (ACC) and insular cortex after COVID, but little is known about brain correlates of persistent psychopathology. With a multimodal approach, we studied whole brain voxel-based morphometry, diffusion-tensor imaging, and resting-state connectivity, to correlate MRI measures with depression and post-traumatic distress (PTSD) in 42 COVID-19 survivors without brain lesions, at 90.59 ± 54.66 days after COVID. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) measured in the emergency department, which reflects the immune response and systemic inflammation based on peripheral lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, predicted worse self-rated depression and PTSD, widespread lower diffusivity along the main axis of WM tracts, and abnormal functional connectivity (FC) among resting state networks. Self-rated depression and PTSD inversely correlated with GM volumes in ACC and insula, axial diffusivity, and associated with FC. We observed overlapping associations between severity of inflammation during acute COVID-19, brain structure and function, and severity of depression and post-traumatic distress in survivors, thus warranting interest for further study of brain correlates of the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Beyond COVID-19, these findings support the hypothesis that regional GM, WM microstructure, and FC could mediate the relationship between a medical illness and its psychopathological sequelae, and are in agreement with current perspectives on the brain structural and functional underpinnings of depressive psychopathology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.