ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1987
Amplification and rearrangement of the Kirsten ras oncogene in virus-transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells during malignant tumor progression.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1987. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Restricted 12p amplification and RAS mutation in human germ cell tumors of the adult testis.The American journal of pathology · 2000Article
- Transfection of interleukin-8 increases angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of human gastric carcinoma cells in nude mice.British journal of cancer · 1999Article
- Expression of interleukin-8 correlates with vascularity in human gastric carcinomas.The American journal of pathology · 1998Article
- Over-expression of human CD44s in murine 3T3 cells: selection against during primary tumorigenesis and selection for during micrometastasis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 1998Article
- Correlation of metastasis-related gene expression with metastatic potential in human prostate carcinoma cells implanted in nude mice using an in situ messenger RNA hybridization technique.The American journal of pathology · 1997Article
- Influence of the host microenvironment on the clonal selection of human colon carcinoma cells during primary tumor growth and metastasis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 1997Article
- Enhanced MDM2 Oncoprotein Expression in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Several Possible Regulatory Mechanisms.Sarcoma · 1997Article
- Regulation of carcinoembryonic antigen expression in human colon carcinoma cells by the organ microenvironment.The American journal of pathology · 1996Article
- Oncogene-dependent expression of CD44 in Balb/c 3T3 derivatives: correlation with metastatic competence.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 1996Article
- In situ mRNA hybridization technique for analysis of metastasis-related genes in human colon carcinoma cells.The American journal of pathology · 1995Article
- Wild-type human p53 and a temperature-sensitive mutant induce Fas/APO-1 expression.Molecular and cellular biology · 1995Article
- Interferons alpha and beta down-regulate the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in human carcinomas.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1995Article
- Organ site-dependent expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in human renal cell carcinoma cells.The American journal of pathology · 1994Article
- The immunogenic properties of drug-resistant murine tumor cells do not correlate with expression of the MDR phenotype.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 1993Article
- Complementation of two related tumour cell classes during experimental metastasis tagged with different histochemical marker genes.British journal of cancer · 1993Article
- NIH3T3 transfectant containing human K-ras oncogene shows enhanced metastatic activity after in vivo tumor growth or co-culture with fibroblasts.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 1992Article
- Article
- ras transfection and expression does not induce progression from tumorigenicity to metastatic ability in mouse LTA cells.Clinical & experimental metastasisArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Analyses of the cellular and viral Kirsten ras genes (c-Ki-ras and v-Ki-ras, respectively) during malignant tumor progression were performed by using Kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells that harbor a replication-defective provirus. After injection into athymic nude mice by four different routes, primary tumors and secondary lung metastases were isolated, adapted to in vitro growth, and analyzed for DNA levels and mRNA expression of both genes for comparison with the originally injected transformed cells and untransformed 3T3 cells. For all tumors (primary or secondary), the v-Ki-ras gene was amplified and v-Ki-ras mRNA expression was highly elevated above that observed in the original transformed cell population. In two of five lung metastases from the i.v. and footpad injection routes, rearranged Ki-ras DNA sequences were observed. Micrometastases from the s.c. route of injection did not display these alterations. Injection of footpad lung tumor cells with rearrangements into a second group of animals led to multiple lung metastases with even further rearrangements correlating with more effective lung colonization/growth ability (overt lung tumors in five of eight animals less than 20 days after injection). However, reinjection of an i.v. lung tumor with rearranged Ki-ras led to no further rearrangements in the lung microfoci tumors isolated greater than 40 days after injection. These data suggest (i) the significance of amplification and elevated expression of v-Ki-ras in tumor formation, (ii) correlation of this amplification with more effective tumor progression, and (iii) the selective advantage that cells with Ki-ras DNA sequence additions have in the formation of overt lung tumors.
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