ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021
A Selective Review of the Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance in Schizophrenia: Underlying Biology, Genetics, Microcircuits, and Symptoms.
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Glutamatergic Modulation of Brain Function in Psychosis: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Pooled it
- Ferret as a model system for studying the anatomy and function of the prefrontal cortex: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- The Potential of Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Psychosis: Endocannabinoid Regulation of Serotonergic Neurotransmission via Serotonin 5-HT1A/2A Receptors.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Envisioning Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Biased Signaling as a Therapeutic Target for Schizophrenia.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Review
- Network functional connectivity and anterior cingulate cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid in antipsychotic medication-naïve first-episode psychosis patients.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Neurotransmitters in Auditory Processing Disorders and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Common Neurobiological Substrate?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Acute apocynin-tandospirone derivatives (ATDs) exacerbate methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- A decade of progress in understanding LRRTM and Slitrk synaptic cell-adhesion molecules.Molecules and cells · 2026Review
- Integrating living biomaterials into neuroelectronic systems.Biomedical engineering letters · 2026Review
- Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction as a Precipitating Factor for Schizophrenia and Depression.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
- Cortical excitability mapping stratifies neurobiological subtypes of schizophrenia with genetic and molecular signatures.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Mapping spatially organized molecular and genetic signatures of schizophrenia across multiple scales in human prefrontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Biophysical mechanisms of default mode network function and dysfunction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Glucocorticoids and cell fate in the developing brain: Neuroendocrine mechanisms shaping developmental trajectories.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Effects of Early Infant Nutrition on Aperiodic Exponent From 2 to 12 Months Using EEG Analysis.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- The link between GABA levels and P300 abnormalities in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: regional and symptom-based insights.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Psychedelic Modulation of Excitation/Inhibition Balance: A Dual-Phase Neurodevelopmental Model.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Abdominal Ultrasound Stimulation Alleviates Negative Symptoms Through Modulation of Serotonin Signaling and Gut Microbiota in the MK-801 Model of Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Tryptophan Supplementation Reduces Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms in Apomorphine Treated Rats: Role of D2, GABA, and Glutamate Receptor Expression.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2026Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder characterized by specific positive and negative primary symptoms, social behavior disturbances and cognitive deficits (e.g., impairment in working memory and cognitive flexibility). Mounting evidence suggests that altered excitability and inhibition at the molecular, cellular, circuit and network level might be the basis for the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. In the past decades, human and animal studies have identified that glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmissions are critically involved in several cognitive progresses, including learning and memory. The purpose of this review is, by analyzing emerging findings relating to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory, ranging from animal models of schizophrenia to clinical studies in patients with early onset, first-episode or chronic schizophrenia, to discuss how the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance may relate to the pathophysiology of disease phenotypes such as cognitive deficits and negative symptoms, and highlight directions for appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.