Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34745450›Full record

ArticleComputational and structural biotechnology journal2021

A spatial multi-scale fluorescence microscopy toolbox discloses entry checkpoints of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Vero E6 cells.

Barbara Storti, Paola Quaranta, Cristina Di Primio, Nicola Clementi, Nicasio Mancini, Elena Criscuolo, Pietro Giorgio Spezia, Vittoria Carnicelli, Giulia Lottini, Emanuele Paolini and 10 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Computational and structural biotechnology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Tricyclic Pyrrole-Based Compounds as Zika Virus Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Alters the Phenotype and Gene Expression of Adipocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Virus morphology: Insights from super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2022
    Review
  11. Imaging Techniques: Essential Tools for the Study of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Barbara StortiNEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Paola QuarantaRetrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, SS 12 Dell'Abetone e del Brennero 2, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Cristina Di PrimioIstituto di Neuroscienze - CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Nicola ClementiLaboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Nicasio ManciniLaboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Elena CriscuoloLaboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Pietro Giorgio SpeziaRetrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, SS 12 Dell'Abetone e del Brennero 2, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Vittoria CarnicelliDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 65, 5616 Pisa, Italy.
Giulia LottiniRetrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, SS 12 Dell'Abetone e del Brennero 2, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Emanuele PaoliniDepartment of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 5, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Giulia FreerRetrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, SS 12 Dell'Abetone e del Brennero 2, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Michele LaiRetrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, SS 12 Dell'Abetone e del Brennero 2, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Mario CostaIstituto di Neuroscienze - CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Fabio BeltramNEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Alberto DiasproDIFILAB, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
Mauro PistelloRetrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, SS 12 Dell'Abetone e del Brennero 2, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Riccardo ZucchiDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 65, 5616 Pisa, Italy.
Paolo BianchiniNanoscopy, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genoa, Italy.
Giovanni SignoreFondazione Pisana per la Scienza, via F. Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, PI, Italy.
Ranieri BizzarriNEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
University of Pisa · ITVita-Salute San Raffaele University · ITIstituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "Alessandro Faedo" · ITIstituto Nanoscienze · ITItalian Institute of Technology · ITFondazione Pisa · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We exploited a multi-scale microscopy imaging toolbox to address some major issues related to SARS-CoV-2 interactions with host cells. Our approach harnesses both conventional and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and easily matches the spatial scale of single-virus/cell checkpoints. After its validation through the characterization of infected cells and virus morphology, we leveraged this toolbox to reveal subtle issues related to the entry phase of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Vero E6 cells. Our results show that in Vero E6 cells the B.1.1.7 strain (aka Alpha Variant of Concern) is associated with much faster kinetics of endocytic uptake compared to its ancestor B.1.177. Given the cell-entry scenario dominated by the endosomal "late pathway", the faster internalization of B.1.1.7 could be directly related to the N501Y mutation in the S protein, which is known to strengthen the binding of Spike receptor binding domain with ACE2. Remarkably, we also directly observed the central role of clathrin as a mediator of endocytosis in the late pathway of entry. In keeping with the clathrin-mediated endocytosis, we highlighted the non-raft membrane localization of ACE2. Overall, we believe that our fluorescence microscopy-based approach represents a fertile strategy to investigate the molecular features of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with cells.

Indexed as

ACE2, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2B.1.1.7 variant of concernClathrindSTORMISM, Image Scanning MicroscopyLate entrySARS-CoV-2 spikeSMLM, Single Molecule Localization MicroscopySTEDSTED, STimulated Emission DepletionSTORM, STochastic Optical Reconstruction MicroscopyTIRF, Total Internal Reflection FluorescenceTMPRSS2, TransMembrane PRoteaSe Serine 2

Identifiers

PMID34745450
PMCPMC8562013
OpenAlexW3208565457

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.