ReviewFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience2021
Cotinine: Pharmacologically Active Metabolite of Nicotine and Neural Mechanisms for Its Actions.
Review in Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy assessment of fecal microbiota transplantation as an adjunctive treatment for IgA nephropathy: an exploratory clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Astrocytes in the Ventral Tegmental Area Are Involved in Cotinine Self-Administration in Male Wistar Rats.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Human Hearts Intrinsically Increase Cardiomyocyte Mitosis After Myocardial Infarction.Circulation research · 2026Article
- A Meta-Analysis of Urinary Cotinine Cut-Off Concentrations in Children Under Five Years for Assessing Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure.Tobacco use insights · 2026Review
- Advances in research on pharmacological mechanisms of anatabine: from nicotinic modulation to multitarget therapeutic potential.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Vaping cessation interventions: A narrative review of randomized controlled trials.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Review
- Morphine and nicotine intake in high drinking in the dark mice is reduced by informatics-nominated and translationally relevant compounds.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The addictive and neurotoxicological evaluation ofIBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Polydopamine-based electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive and selective detection of cotinine.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicle-encapsulated microRNA signatures of cigarette smoking and smoking-related harm.Respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Feasibility assessment of a pharmaco-kinetic behavior based yield model of salivary cotinine among tobacco users.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Metabolic Alterations in Human Post-Mortem Frontal Cortex and Cerebrospinal Fluid Associated With High Levels of Nicotine Metabolite Cotinine.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Brain Cytochrome P450: Navigating Neurological Health and Metabolic Regulation.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Metabolomic Insights into Smoking-Induced Metabolic Dysfunctions: A Comprehensive Analysis of Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolomes.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Assessing the Complex Impact of Smoking Habits on Allergic Rhinitis: A National Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2025Article
- Article
- Joint association between tobacco smoke exposure and periodontitis and glycemic status.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Exposome-wide association study of cognition among older adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Exposome · 2025Article
- E-cigarette vapor extract alters human eosinophil gene expression in an effect mediated by propylene glycol, glycerin, and nicotine.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tobacco use disorder continues to be a leading public health issue and cause of premature death in the United States. Nicotine is considered as the major tobacco alkaloid causing addiction through its actions on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Current pharmacotherapies targeting nicotine's effects produce only modest effectiveness in promoting cessation, highlighting the critical need for a better understanding of mechanisms of nicotine addiction to inform future treatments. There is growing interest in identifying potential contributions of non-nicotine components to tobacco reinforcement. Cotinine is a minor alkaloid, but the major metabolite of nicotine that can act as a weak agonist of nAChRs. Accumulating evidence indicates that cotinine produces diverse effects and may contribute to effects of nicotine. In this review, we summarize findings implicating cotinine as a neuroactive metabolite of nicotine and discuss available evidence regarding potential mechanisms underlying its effects. Preclinical findings reveal that cotinine crosses the blood brain barrier and interacts with both nAChRs and non-nAChRs in the nervous system, and produces neuropharmacological and behavioral effects. Clinical studies suggest that cotinine is psychoactive in humans. However, reviewing evidence regarding mechanisms underlying effects of cotinine provides a mixed picture with a lack of consensus. Therefore, more research is warranted in order to provide better insight into the actions of cotinine and its contribution to tobacco addiction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.