Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34744458›Full record

ArticleClinical epidemiology2021

Effect of Pharmacological and Neurostimulation Interventions for Cognitive Domains in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Wen-Yin Chen, Hsing-Cheng Liu, Ying-Chih Cheng, Hua Li, Chi-Chieh Huang, Yu-Wei Ding, Ming-Chyi Huang, Chih-Chiang Chiu, Yu-Kang Tu, Po-Hsiu Kuo

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Facial emotion recognition deficits in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. The effect ofBJPsych open · 2025
    Review
  4. Bipolar disorders: an update on critical aspects.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Wen-Yin ChenDepartment of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0001-8626-6472
Hsing-Cheng LiuDepartment of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ying-Chih ChengInstitute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Hua LiInstitute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chi-Chieh HuangInstitute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-1091-1708
Yu-Wei DingInstitute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ming-Chyi HuangDepartment of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chih-Chiang ChiuDepartment of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yu-Kang TuInstitute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Po-Hsiu KuoInstitute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-0365-3587
National Taiwan University · TWTaipei City Hospital · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe priority of interventions to alleviate cognitive deficits in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is inconclusive. We systematically evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological or neurostimulation interventions for cognitive function in BD through a network meta-analysis.

methodsThe PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from database inception to September 30, 2021. Following PRISMA guidelines, all eligible studies were randomized controlled trials of adult bipolar patients that provided detailed cognitive outcomes. Studies were excluded if participants limited to comorbid substance use disorder or the intervention was a psychotherapy. Network meta-analysis comparing different interventions was conducted for 8 cognitive domains. Partially ordered set with Hasse diagram was used to resolve conflicting rankings between outcomes. The study was preregistered on PROSPERO database (CRD42020152044).

resultsTotal 21 RCTs including 42 tests for assessing intervention effects on cognition were retrieved. Adjunctive erythropoietin (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.00-1.23),

conclusionConsiderable variability in measurements of cognitive domains in BD was observed, and no intervention resulted in superior benefits across all domains. We suggested interventions priority can be tailored according to individual patients' cognitive deficits. As current findings from relatively small and heterogeneous dataset, future trials with consensus should be applied for building further evidence.

Indexed as

cognitive functionHasse diagramnetwork meta-analysispartially ordered setsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID34744458
PMCPMC8565895
OpenAlexW3210995520

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.