ArticleInternal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)2022
Association of Smoking and Generalized Manifestations of Myasthenia Gravis.
Article in Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Serum Anti-Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR-Ab) Titers and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Ocular-Onset Myasthenia Gravis: An Academic Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Association between Myasthenia Gravis and Smoking.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- A retrospective multicenter study on clinical and serological parameters in patients with MuSK myasthenia gravis with and without general immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective Smoking is a known risk factor for the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. Previous studies in ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) patients showed that smoking is associated with the severity of symptoms and progression to generalized MG. However, whether smoking affects MG symptoms in patients with a broader clinical spectrum of presentations is unknown. Therefore, in this study, the associations of smoking with the clinical characteristics of MG were analyzed in a cohort of patients including those with generalized, seronegative, and thymoma-associated MG. Methods The smoking history was investigated in a cross-sectional study of 187 patients with MG followed in a referral hospital for neurology. The association of smoking with MG-activities of daily living score at survey, the presence of generalized manifestations, and the age of onset was assessed using multiple regression models. Results Neither current nor prior smoking habit was associated with the MG-activities of daily living score at survey. However, smoking exposure after MG onset was significantly associated with the presence of generalized manifestations during the disease course (odds ratio, 3.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.04, 12.3). The smoking history before or at onset of MG was not associated with the age of onset. Conclusion Smoking exposure after the onset is associated with generalized manifestations of MG in our cohort of patients with a broad clinical spectrum of presentations.
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