ReviewThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2021
Structural racism and its pathways to asthma and atopic dermatitis.
Review in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Integration of GWAS, QTLs and keratinocyte functional assays reveals molecular mechanisms of atopic dermatitis.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Opioid Misuse and Asthma and Allergic Diseases in College Students: The Role of Race and Ethnicity.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Strategies to Increase Equitable Access to Penicillin Allergy Delabeling Interactions: A Qualitative Study.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic status and acculturation as determinants of atopic disease prevalence in United States Latino children.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2026Article
- Who Participates in Research and Why: Reducing Barriers to Diversifying Samples in Developmental Psychobiology.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Breathless Injustice: Association between Exposure To Racial Discrimination and Asthma Outcomes in Children.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic deprivation performs equally to race in the Pediatric Asthma Risk Score.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Article
- Managing children's asthma: what role do caregivers' mental representations of trigger and symptom management behaviors play?Psychology & health · 2025Article
- Tenant Reports of In-Home Asthma Triggers and Adult Emergency Department Use.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Social Determinants of Health in Pediatric Asthma and Allergic Diseases: A Systematic Review.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Child Opportunity Index at birth and asthma with recurrent exacerbations in the US ECHO program.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- State-level structural racism and sleep disturbances among Black and Latinx adolescents: Findings from the adolescent brain cognitive development study.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Article
- Managing childhood asthma with an eye toward environmental, social, and behavioral features.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2025Review
- 'Doing what I need to do': sustaining mental health, medication adherence, and engagement in care among Black women living with HIV during the COVID-19 onset of 2020.Ethnicity & health · 2025Article
- Identification of atopic dermatitis-associated diseases based on the National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2013-2018.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prenatal ozone exposure and child lung function: Exploring effect modification by oxidative balance score.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025Article
- Moving beyond biology: the critical role of social and structural determinants in atopic dermatitis.International journal of dermatology · 2025Review
- Influence of ADRB2 variants on bronchodilator response and asthma control in a mixed population.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2025Article
- A review of pharmaceutical and personal care products and atopic dermatitis based on epidemiological and basic research findings.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Characterization of pesticide exposures and their associations with asthma morbidity in a predominantly low-income urban pediatric cohort in Baltimore City.Environmental research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Black, Latinx, and Indigenous people in the United States experience a disproportionate burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis. The study of these disease disparities has focused on proximal socioenvironmental exposures and on the biomechanistic (including genetic) differences between racial and ethnic groups. Although biomedical research in allergy and immunology stands to benefit from the inclusion of diverse study populations, the narrow focus on biologic mechanisms disregards the complexity of interactions across biologic and structural factors, including the effects of structural racism. Structural racism is the totality of ways in which society fosters discrimination by creating and reinforcing inequitable systems through intentional policies and practices sanctioned by government and institutions. It is embedded across multiple levels, including the economic, educational, health care, and judicial systems, which are manifested in inequity in the physical and social environment. In this review, we present a conceptual framework and pull from the literature to demonstrate how structural racism is a root cause of atopic disease disparities by way of residential segregation, socioeconomic position, and mass incarceration, which may lead to aberrations in the innate and adaptive immune response and the augmentation of physiologic stress responses, contributing to a disproportionate disease burden for racial and ethnic populations.
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Registered trials
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