ArticleInternational journal of biological macromolecules2021
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causes blood coagulation and thrombosis by competitive binding to heparan sulfate.
Article in International journal of biological macromolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying and profiling structural similarities between Spike of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral or host proteins with Machaon.Communications biology · 2023Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Persistence and Cardiovascular Sequelae in the Post-COVID Era: A Public Health Microbiology Perspective on Sudden Cardiac Death and Pulmonary Thromboembolism.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 (ESM1): An Endogenous Anticoagulant and Protective Factor in Venous Thrombosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expression drives post-acute coagulopathy.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Synthetic messenger RNA vaccines and transcriptomic dysregulation: Evidence from new-onset adverse events and cancers post-vaccination.World journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Anti-neuroinflammatory therapy for non-pulsatile tinnitus in patients with sinus vascular anomalies: preliminary result on two cases.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Thymidine phosphorylase mediates SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhanced thrombosis in K18-hACE2Thrombosis research · 2024Article
- Zebrafish as a model organism for virus disease research: Current status and future directions.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Glycosaminoglycan microarrays for studying glycosaminoglycan-protein systems.Carbohydrate polymers · 2024Review
- Neuroinflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) as assessed by [Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- A reduced proteomic signature in critically ill Covid-19 patients determined with plasma antibody micro-array and machine learning.Clinical proteomics · 2024Article
- Review
- Sialylated Glycan Bindings from SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein to Blood and Endothelial Cells Govern the Severe Morbidities of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Neuroinflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) as assessed by [bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Mechanism of COVID-19-Induced Cardiac Damage from Patient, In Vitro and Animal Studies.Current heart failure reports · 2023Review
- 'Spikeopathy': COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Heme Interactions as Regulators of the Alternative Pathway Complement Responses and Implications for Heme-Associated Pathologies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Zebrafish-based platform for emerging bio-contaminants and virus inactivation research.The Science of the total environment · 2023Review
- A case report overlapped vaccine and COVID-19 in disseminated atherosclerosis.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thrombotic complication has been an important symptom in critically ill patients with COVID-19. It has not been clear whether the virus spike (S) protein can directly induce blood coagulation in addition to inflammation. Heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin, a key factor in coagulation process, was found to bind SARS-CoV-2 S protein with high affinity. Herein, we found that the S protein can competitively inhibit the bindings of antithrombin and heparin cofactor II to heparin/HS, causing abnormal increase in thrombin activity. SARS-CoV-2 S protein at a similar concentration (~10 μg/mL) as the viral load in critically ill patients can cause directly blood coagulation and thrombosis in zebrafish model. Furthermore, exogenous heparin/HS can significantly reduce coagulation caused by S protein, pointing to a potential new direction to elucidate the etiology of the virus and provide fundamental support for anticoagulant therapy especially for the COVID-19 critically ill patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.