ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2021
Predictors of Coronary Artery Calcium and Long-Term Risks of Death, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke in Young Adults.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk profile and prognostic implications of premature advanced coronary atherosclerotic disease among young to early middle-aged adults: the coronary artery calcium consortium.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Association of Coronary Artery Calcium Score with Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Without Known Coronary Artery Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Automated opportunistic cardiovascular risk assessment in non-small cell lung cancer patients on routine chest CT using an optimised nnU-net framework.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Predicting polyvascular disease with optical coherence tomography angiography and/or optical coherence tomography.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- The long-term prognostic value of CT coronary artery calcium score in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2025Article
- Impact of coronary artery calcium scores on cardiovascular risk and preventive therapies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Global cardiology science & practice · 2025Review
- Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor on Coronary Artery Calcification Evaluated by Intravascular Ultrasound: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Quantification of abdominal aortic calcification using photon-counting CT angiography: an imaging biomarker for high-risk cardiovascular patients.La Radiologia medica · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Article
- The value of coronary calcium score in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with chronic coronary syndrome.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Risk of Stroke, Dementia, and Cognitive Decline with Coronary and Arterial Calcification.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Efficacy of Coronary Calcium Score in Predicting Coronary Artery Morphology in Patients With Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2024Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular risk stratification among individuals with obesity: The Coronary Artery Calcium Consortium.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Article
- The effect of non-optimal lipids on the progression of coronary artery calcification in statin-naïve young adults: results from KOICA registry.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Eradicating Atherosclerosis: Should We Start Statins at Younger Ages and at Lower LDL-Cs.Current cardiology reports · 2022Review
- Distribution of Coronary Artery Calcium by Age, Sex, and Race Among Patients 30-45 Years Old.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Article
- Physical Activity, Muscle Oxidative Capacity, and Coronary Artery Calcium in Smokers with and without COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022Article
- The use of coronary artery calcium scoring in young adults.Journal of cardiovascular computed tomographyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is well-validated for cardiovascular disease risk stratification in middle to older-aged adults; however, the 2019 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines state that more data are needed regarding the performance of CAC in low-risk younger adults. Methods and Results We measured CAC in 13 397 patients aged 30 to 49 years without known cardiovascular disease or malignancy between 1997 and 2009. Outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; MI, stroke, or cardiovascular death), and all-cause mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models, controlling for baseline risk factors (including atrial fibrillation for stroke and MACE) and the competing risk of death or noncardiac death as appropriate. The cohort (74% men, mean age 44 years, and 76% with ≤1 cardiovascular disease risk factor) had a 20.6% prevalence of any CAC. CAC was independently predicted by age, male sex, White race, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Over a mean of 11 years of follow-up, the relative adjusted subhazard ratio of CAC >0 was 2.9 for MI and 1.6 for MACE. CAC >100 was associated with significantly increased hazards of MI (adjusted subhazard ratio, 5.2), MACE (adjusted subhazard ratio, 3.1), stroke (adjusted subhazard ratio, 1.7), and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 2.1). CAC significantly improved the prognostic accuracy of risk factors for MACE, MI, and all-cause mortality by the likelihood ratio test (
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.