ArticleInternational immunopharmacology2021
Phenylalanine and COVID-19: Tracking disease severity markers.
Article in International immunopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolomic characteristics and related pathways in patients with different severity of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of amino acid profiles among COVID-19 patients caused by SARS-CoV-2.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Integration of Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Together with an In Vitro Nitric Oxide Inhibition for the Insight for Antipyretic Effects of Benjalokawichian, the Thai Traditional Polyherbal Remedy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- PFOA induced metabolic and immune perturbations in a SARS-2 infection model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 multi-omics reveal organ-specific responses and biomarkers.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Severity-dependent metabolic rewiring in COVID-19 based on untargeted metabolomic profiling of patient plasma.PloS one · 2026Article
- Integration of Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Nitric Oxide Inhibition Assay to Explore the Mechanism of Action of Thai Traditional Polyherbal Remedy, Mo-Ha-Rak, in the Treatment of Prolonged Fever.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Plasma phenylalanine is associated with hospital mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective metabolic profiling cohort study.European journal of medical research · 2025Observational
- Children with Post COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Display Unique Pathophysiological Metabolic Phenotypes.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Different Stages of Endometriosis.Journal of reproduction & infertility · 2025Article
- Associations between metabolomic scores and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Article
- Preliminary exploration of the ability of HUC-MSCs to restore the lung microbiota and related metabolite disorders in IPF treatment: combining 16S sequencing and metabolite analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Multiplatform Metabolomics: Enhancing the Severity Risk Prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Metabolomic profiling of COVID-19 using serum and urine samples in intensive care and medical ward cohorts.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Metabolomic characterization of COVID-19 survivors in Jilin province.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Multi-omics analysis of antiviral interactions of Elizabethkingia anophelis and Zika virus.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Novel COVID-19 biomarkers identified through multi-omics data analysis: N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminic acid, N-acetyl-L-alanine, N-acetyltriptophan, palmitoylcarnitine, and glycerol 1-myristate.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Cross-Validation of Metabolic Phenotypes in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Subpopulations Using Targeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS).Journal of proteome research · 2024Article
- HDL-Related Parameters and COVID-19 Mortality: The Importance of HDL Function.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough there are several severity predictors for COVID-19, none are specific. Serum levels of phenylalanine were recently associated with increased inflammation, higher SOFA scores, ICU admission, and mortality rates among non-COVID-19 patients. Here, we investigated the relationship between phenylalanine and inflammatory markers in adults with COVID-19.
methodsWe assessed adults with COVID-19 at hospital admission for clinical and laboratory data. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measured serum levels of phenylalanine and other amino acids of its metabolomic pathway. Flow Cytometry measured serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, Il-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders assessed the relationship between serum levels of phenylalanine and inflammatory cytokines.
resultsPhenylalanine and tyrosine were significantly lower in mild disease as compared to moderate and severe groups. Linear regression models showed that phenylalanine is independently and positively associated with disease severity regardless of the cytokine analyzed and after adjustment for potential confounders. In addition, mild cases showed consistently lower serum phenylalanine levels within the first ten days from disease onset to hospital admission.
conclusionsPhenylalanine is a marker of disease severity. This association is independent of the time between the onset of symptoms and the magnitude of the inflammatory state.
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