Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34741804›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental cell2021

cAMP controls a trafficking mechanism that maintains the neuron specificity and subcellular placement of electrical synapses.

Sierra D Palumbos, Rachel Skelton, Rebecca McWhirter, Amanda Mitchell, Isaiah Swann, Sydney Heifner, Stephen Von Stetina, David M Miller

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Defining the electrical synapse.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Beyond synapses: cytoplasmic connections in brain function and evolution.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sierra D PalumbosNeuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
Rachel SkeltonDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
Rebecca McWhirterDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
Amanda MitchellVanderbilt Summer Science Academy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
Isaiah SwannVanderbilt Summer Science Academy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
Sydney HeifnerHarpeth Hall School, Nashville, TN 37215, USA.
Stephen Von StetinaDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
David M MillerNeuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. Electronic address: david.miller@vanderbilt.edu.
Vanderbilt University · USUniversity School of Nashville · US

Funding

Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Research ProgramP30CA068485 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI MATTHEW J TYSKA · 1995 to 2026
$172.8M
Translational Analysis CoreP30DK058404 · NIDDK · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI RICHARD M. PEEK · 2002 to 2026
$29.9M
Vanderbilt Diabetes Research CenterP30DK020593 · NIDDK · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI OWEN P MCGUINNESS · 2012 to 2026
$29.3M
Enhancing and expanding the CGC Strain CollectionP40OD010440 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Aric L Daul, Ann E. Rougvie · 2012 to 2026
$7.5M
Molecular mechanisms for neuron-specific assembly of electrical synapsesR01NS113559 · NINDS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI MILLER, DAVID M · 2020 to 2024
$1.8M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA068485NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020593NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK058404NIH HHS P40 OD010440NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS113559
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrical synapses are established between specific neurons and within distinct subcellular compartments, but the mechanisms that direct gap junction assembly in the nervous system are largely unknown. Here, we show that a developmental program tunes cAMP signaling to direct the neuron-specific assembly and placement of electrical synapses in the C. elegans motor circuit. We use live-cell imaging to visualize electrical synapses in vivo and an optogenetic assay to confirm that they are functional. In ventral A class (VA) motor neurons, the UNC-4 transcription factor blocks expression of cAMP antagonists that promote gap junction miswiring. In unc-4 mutants, VA electrical synapses are established with an alternative synaptic partner and are repositioned from the VA axon to soma. cAMP counters these effects by driving gap junction trafficking into the VA axon for electrical synapse assembly. Thus, our experiments establish that cAMP regulates gap junction trafficking for the biogenesis of functional electrical synapses.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedAxonsCaenorhabditis elegansCaenorhabditis elegans ProteinsConnexinsCyclic AMPElectrical SynapsesGap JunctionsGene Expression RegulationHomeodomain ProteinsMotor NeuronsSubcellular FractionsCaenorhabditis elegans ProteinsConnexinsCyclic AMPHomeodomain Proteinsinx-6 protein, C elegansunc-4 protein, C eleganscAMPC. eleganselectrical synapsegap junctionsubcellular targetingsynaptic choicesynaptic specificitytrafficking

Identifiers

PMID34741804
PMCPMC8665141
OpenAlexW3213538380

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.