ArticleTargeted oncology2021
Thromboembolism in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Immunotherapy.
Article in Targeted oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Vienna CATScore for predicting cancer-associated venous thromboembolism: an external validation across multiple time points.ESMO open · 2025Article
- Clinical, Genomic, and Transcriptomic Characteristics of Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Who Developed Thromboembolic Events.Journal of kidney cancer and VHL · 2024Article
- The Heart of the Matter: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Immune-Related Adverse Events on the Cardiovascular System.Cancers · 2023Review
- Immuno-oncology therapy associated thromboembolic events in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.Urology case reports · 2023Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Associated Thrombosis: Incidence, Risk Factors and Management.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Prevalence, Treatment, and Prognosis of Tumor Thrombi in Renal Cell Carcinoma.JACC. CardioOncology · 2022Article
- Thromboembolism and Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Patients: An Old Foe for New Research.Targeted oncology · 2022Review
- Comment on: "Thromboembolism in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Immunotherapy".Targeted oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMetastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is associated with a high risk of thromboembolism (TE).
objectiveWe investigated whether immunotherapy (IO) increases the hypercoagulable state in this high-risk population. PATIENTS AND
methodsPatients with mRCC treated with IO between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019 at the Cleveland Clinic were identified. Cumulative incidence analysis calculated TE rates over time and Gray's test determined differences in TE rates among groups. The Kaplan-Meier method estimated survival, while Cox proportional hazard regression evaluated the impact of TE on OS.
resultsOf 351 patients, 75% were men with clear cell mRCC (81%) and International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (IMDC) intermediate- to poor-risk disease (77%). Patients received single-agent IO (52%), doublet IO (31%), or IO with non-IO therapy (17%). The median number of IO doses was 8 (range 1-81). At a median follow-up of 12.8 months, 12% of patients (n = 43) had a TE event (venous n = 37 [11%], arterial n = 6 [2%]). The cumulative TE incidence at 6 months was 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.6-6.9) and 9.8% (95% CI 6.8-13.4) at 12 months. No factors, including IMDC or Khorana score, were identified to predict TE development. Seventy-two percent of TE resulted in hospitalization (9% TE-related mortality and 21% TE-related dose delay). TE (p < 0.0001), poor IMDC score (p < 0.0001), and Khorana score ≥ 2 (p < 0.0001) were associated with worse OS.
conclusionsPatients with mRCC treated with IO had a high incidence of TE. TE was associated with risk of treatment delay, hospitalization, and mortality, while TE, IMDC poor risk, and Khorana score ≥ 2 were associated with worse survival. Further investigations into IO-associated TE are needed to identify benefit from primary thromboprophylaxis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.