ReviewCell proliferation2021
Cellular stress response to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF): An explanation for controversial effects of ELF-EMF on apoptosis.
Review in Cell proliferation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-ionizing radiation and cancer: A review on current evidence, mechanistic insights, and public health implications.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Magnetic Fields in Cancer Therapy: Mechanistic Insights, Signaling Pathways, and Evidence from Clinical and In Vitro Studies.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- The consequences of the extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure on physiological processes in the uterus: novel insights and implications.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Pivotal Factors in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes Apoptosis Induction by ELF-EMF; Ki-67, ROS Level, HER-2, and SODs.The breast journal · 2026Article
- Precise Electromagnetic Modulation of the Cell Cycle and Its Applications in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Frequency of a Magnetic Field Determines the Behavior of Tumor and Non-Tumor Nerve Cell Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Pulsed electromagnetic fields modulate energy metabolism during wound healing process: an in vitro model study.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Identification of Candidate Inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2's Enzymes and Potential Disruptors of Its Structural Proteins' Interactions.Advanced biomedical research · 2025Article
- Alleviation of Inflammatory Conditions Caused by Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure byMediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Advances in magnetic field approaches for non-invasive targeting neuromodulation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Effects of electric fields on the release and content of extracellular vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Article
- Metformin represses the carcinogenesis potentially induced by 50 Hz magnetic fields in aged mouse fibroblasts via inhibition of NF-kB.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Pulsating electromagnetic fields for perineal lacerations and surgical wounds healing in the postpartum: a pilot study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Impact of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Skeletal Muscle of Sedentary Adult Mice: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Cellular Response Is Determined by a Combination of Different ELF-EMF Exposure Parameters: A Scope Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Comparison of pulsed and continuous electromagnetic field generated by WPT system on human dermal and neural cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Emerging cancer therapies: targeting physiological networks and cellular bioelectrical differences with non-thermal systemic electromagnetic fields in the human body - a comprehensive review.Frontiers in network physiology · 2024Review
- Effect of rmEGF combined with ELF-EMF on promoting wound healing in rats.Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine · 2024Article
- Exposure to Low-Frequency Radiation Changes the Expression of Nestin, VEGF, BCRP and Apoptosis Markers During Glioma Treatment Strategy: AnCurrent radiopharmaceuticals · 2024Article
- Safety analysis of different ıntensities of elf-pemf in terms of apoptotic, inflammatory, and transcription factor NF-Κb expression levels in rat liver.Hepatology forum · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Impaired apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer, and almost all of the non-surgical approaches of eradicating tumour cells somehow promote induction of apoptosis. Indeed, numerous studies have stated that non-ionizing non-thermal extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) can modulate the induction of apoptosis in exposed cells; however, much controversy exists in observations. When cells are exposed to ELF-EMF alone, very low or no statistically significant changes in apoptosis are observed. Contrarily, exposure to ELF-EMF in the presence of a co-stressor, including a chemotherapeutic agent or ionizing radiation, can either potentiate or inhibit apoptotic effects of the co-stressor. In our idea, the main point neglected in interpreting these discrepancies is "the cellular stress responses" of cells following ELF-EMF exposure and its interplay with apoptosis. The main purpose of the current review was to outline the triangle of ELF-EMF, the cellular stress response of cells and apoptosis and to interpret and unify discrepancies in results based on it. Therefore, initially, we will describe studies performed on identifying the effect of ELF-EMF on induction/inhibition of apoptosis and enumerate proposed pathways through which ELF-EMF exposure may affect apoptosis; then, we will explain cellular stress response and cues for its induction in response to ELF-EMF exposure; and finally, we will explain why such controversies have been observed by different investigators.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.