Observational studyChest2022
Association of Chronic Respiratory Symptoms With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: Findings From the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study.
Observational study in Chest, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00005130 (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular Diseases and All-Cause Mortality Risk in Patients With Prehypertension and Noncommunicable Diseases: Results From the Kailuan Study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Wildfire smoke exposure and persistent respiratory symptoms and illness: a retrospective cohort study.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Associations Between Occupational Exposures and Cough Subclasses Among Middle-Aged Australians.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Article
- The impact of child and adolescent health on adult respiratory health: the evidence, gaps and priorities.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Association of long-term insulin variability before the onset of diabetes with cardiovascular outcomes in later life: Findings from the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- All-cause and cause-specific mortality in respiratory symptom clusters: a population-based multicohort study.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Unlocking the link: predicting cardiovascular disease risk with a focus on airflow obstruction using machine learning.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Quantitatively Assessed Emphysema Severity on HRCT Independently Predicts Coronary Artery Disease in COPD: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Longitudinal albuminuria patterns predict coronary artery calcification progression: Findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.Atherosclerosis · 2024Article
- Chronic Bronchitis in Children and Adults: Definitions, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Consequences.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Endotypes of Paediatric Cough-Do They Exist and Finding New Techniques to Improve Clinical Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Respiratory Health Effects of Pollution Due to Artisanal Crude-Oil Refining in Bayelsa, Nigeria.Annals of global health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) frequently coexist; however, there is limited evidence on the relationship between chronic respiratory symptoms in young adulthood and late-onset CVD. RESEARCH QUESTION: Are chronic respiratory symptoms in young adulthood associated with CVD and all-cause mortality in later life? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsA total of 4,621 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) cohort study aged 18 to 30 years were included. Chronic respiratory symptoms were identified through respiratory symptom questionnaires in two consecutive examinations. Incident CVD and all-cause mortality were adjudicated over 30-year follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the association of chronic respiratory symptoms with incident CVD and all-cause mortality.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 30.9 years, 284 CVD events (6.15%) and 378 deaths (8.18%) occurred. Following multivariable adjustment for demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, smoking, and lung function, the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for CVD events were 1.51 (1.18-1.93) for any respiratory symptom, 1.57 (1.18-2.09) for cough or phlegm, 1.31 (1.01-1.68) for wheeze, 1.73 (1.25-2.41) for shortness of breath, and 1.32 (1.01-1.71) for chest illnesses. Similar findings were also observed in all-cause mortality. Comparing zero vs three to four respiratory symptoms, the hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 1.97 (1.34-2.91) for CVD and 1.75 (1.23-2.47) for all-cause mortality. Similar results were observed in various sensitivity analyses.
interpretationChronic respiratory symptoms in young adulthood are associated with an increased risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in midlife independent of established cardiovascular risk factors, smoking, and lung function. Identifying chronic respiratory symptoms in young adulthood may help provide prognostic information regarding future cardiovascular health. CLINICAL
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00005130; URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.