ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2021
Photobiomodulation inhibits the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes by inhibiting Lcn2/JAK2-STAT3 crosstalk after spinal cord injury in male rats.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathophysiological mechanisms of post-exertional malaise: an integrative analysis based on the metabolism-immune-neuro interaction model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Photobiomodulation for the treatment of neuroinflammation: A systematic review of controlled laboratory animal studies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Artesunate ameliorates experimental autoimmune uveitis by inhibiting the LCN2-STAT3 axis and suppressing microglial activation.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026Article
- A2 astrocyte polarization mediates ketogenic diet protection of blood-central nervous system barriers in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Photobiomodulation‑Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Neural Differentiation via UFL1‑Mediated UFMylation in Spinal Cord Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Every-Other-Day Fasting Prehabilitation Attenuates Secondary Injury Following Spinal Cord Injury and Is Associated with Stage-Dependent SREBP1-Related Metabolic-Immune Remodeling.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Role of the LCN2-DHODH Interaction in Mitochondrial Ferroptosis During Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Injury and LPS-Induced HL-1 Cardiomyocyte Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Overcoming Barriers to Axonal Regeneration in Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Frontiers.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Near‑Infrared Photobiomodulation in White‑Matter Disease: From Microglial States to Measurable Endpoints.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Review
- Transcranial photobiomodulation mitigates neuroinflammation by suppressing the activation of neurotoxic microglia through inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- STAT3 Signaling in Spinal Cord Injury: Neurochemical Mechanisms Linking Neuroinflammation, Mitochondrial Stress, and Glial Remodeling.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Laser-Based Photobiomodulation for Orthodontic Pain: Mechanistic Evidence from Experimental Tooth-Movement Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles-based phototherapy systems: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared laser induces analgesia in rats.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease-associated sensory dysfunction: mechanistic links, actionable targets and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Lipid droplets in astrocytes: Key organelles for CNS homeostasis and disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Multi-genomics data mining identified critical transcription factors and immune response pathways in traumatic optic nerve injury and retinal injury.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Photobiomodulation Reduces Fibrous Scar Formation After Spinal Cord Injury by Downregulating CXCL3 Expression in Macrophages.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Use of Mitochondrial Delayed Luminescence Measurements From Brain Tissue to Optimize Photobiomodulation Prarameters in Alzheimer's Disease Mice.Journal of biophotonics · 2025Article
- Photobiomodulation Promotes Early Recovery of Olfactory Function and Modulates Neuroprotective Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeurotoxic microglia and astrocytes begin to activate and participate in pathological processes after spinal cord injury (SCI), subsequently causing severe secondary damage and affecting tissue repair. We have previously reported that photobiomodulation (PBM) can promote functional recovery by reducing neuroinflammation after SCI, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether PBM ameliorates neuroinflammation by modulating the activation of microglia and astrocytes after SCI.
methodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a sham control group, an SCI + vehicle group and an SCI + PBM group. PBM was performed for two consecutive weeks after clip-compression SCI models were established. The activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes, the level of tissue apoptosis, the number of motor neurons and the recovery of motor function were evaluated at different days post-injury (1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post-injury, dpi). Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) and Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signaling were regarded as potential targets by which PBM affected neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes. In in vitro experiments, primary microglia and astrocytes were irradiated with PBM and cotreated with cucurbitacin I (a JAK2-STAT3 pathway inhibitor), an adenovirus (shRNA-Lcn2) and recombinant Lcn2 protein.
resultsPBM promoted the recovery of motor function, inhibited the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes, alleviated neuroinflammation and tissue apoptosis, and increased the number of neurons retained after SCI. The upregulation of Lcn2 and the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway after SCI were suppressed by PBM. In vitro experiments also showed that Lcn2 and JAK2-STAT3 were mutually promoted and that PBM interfered with this interaction, inhibiting the activation of microglia and astrocytes.
conclusionLcn2/JAK2-STAT3 crosstalk is involved in the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes after SCI, and this process can be suppressed by PBM.
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