ArticleCytokine2022
Serum midkine level might be a diagnostic tool for COVID19 disease in pregnancy: From the disease severity, hospitalization and disease progression respects.
Article in Cytokine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global and regional incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Nasopharynx Battlefield: Cellular Immune Responses Mediated by Midkine in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and COVID-19.Cancers · 2023Review
- Midkine-A novel player in cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNew biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring the COVID-19 disease are the most important topics to be studied recently. We aimed to investigate the association between midkine levels and disease severity in pregnant women with COVID-19.
methodsTotally 186 pregnant women were participated in this study. 96 of them were healthy pregnant women, 90 of them were pregnant women with COVID19. Pregnant women were evaluated according to their trimesters. Serum midkine level, biochemical profile clinical and disease severity outcomes of pregnant women were obtained.
resultsOur results showed that pregnant women with COVID19 have significantly increased serum midkine level compared to healthy pregnant women (1.801 ± 0.977 vs 0.815 ± 0.294 ng/dL). According to the data among each trimester, it was shown that there were significant increase in serum midkine level during all pregnancy trimesters (1st trimester Control Group: 0.714 ± 0.148, COVID-19 group 1.623 ± 0.824, p < 0.0001; 2nd trimester Control Group: 0.731 ± 0.261, COVID-19 group 2.059 ± 1.146, p < 0.0001; 3rd trimester Control Group: 1.0 ± 0.35, COVID-19 group 1.723 ± 0.907, p = 0.001). Serum midkine levels were significantly different between disease severity subgroups of pregnant women with COVID19; moderate and severe/critic groups had significantly higher serum midkine level than mild group. There was also significant correlation between serum midkine level and severity status (p:0.0001, r: 0.468). The most striking results of serum midkine levels were corelation between length of hospitalization (p: 0.01, r: 0.430) and O
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