Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34739832›Full record

ArticleCell2021

RNA promotes the formation of spatial compartments in the nucleus.

Sofia A Quinodoz, Joanna W Jachowicz, Prashant Bhat, Noah Ollikainen, Abhik K Banerjee, Isabel N Goronzy, Mario R Blanco, Peter Chovanec, Amy Chow, Yolanda Markaki and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 235 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
235citing papers in PubMed
25.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

235 citing papers in PubMed, 381 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
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  6. CAD-C: An engineered nuclease enables repair-freebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Resolving Sub-Nuclear Architecture from Compartments to Functional Domains.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Direct roles of long non-coding RNAs in transcription activation.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

175 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Sofia A QuinodozDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Joanna W JachowiczDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Prashant BhatDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Noah OllikainenDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Abhik K BanerjeeDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Isabel N GoronzyDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Mario R BlancoDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Peter ChovanecDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Amy ChowDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Yolanda MarkakiDepartment of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Jasmine ThaiDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Kathrin PlathDepartment of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Mitchell GuttmanDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. Electronic address: mguttman@caltech.edu.
California Institute of Technology · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Southern California · US

Funding

UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM008042 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI AJIJOLA, OLUJIMI A, DAWSON, DAVID WAYNE · 1985 to 2023
$29.9M
PREDOCTORAL TRAINING IN BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRYT32GM007616 · NIGMS · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI STERNBERG, PAUL WARREN · 1985 to 2019
$22.9M
Deciphering the function and mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated organization of nuclear compartmentsU01DA040612 · NIDA · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GUTTMAN, MITCHELL, RINN, JOHN LOUIS · 2015 to 2019
$4.1M
Novel tools to comprehensively map dynamic organization of RNA and DNA in higher-order nuclear structures within single cellsU01HL130007 · NHLBI · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GUTTMAN, MITCHELL, ISMAGILOV, RUSTEM F · 2015 to 2019
$3.9M
Long Non-Coding RNA-mediated Differential Regulation of Notch Pathway Targets in Early T-cell DevelopmentF30HL136080 · NHLBI · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BANERJEE, ABHIK · 2017 to 2021
$241k
Determining the function and mechanism of the MALAT1 long non-coding RNA in co-transcriptional splicingF30CA247447 · NCI · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI BHAT, PRASHANT · 2020 to 2021
$102k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNCI NIH HHS F30 CA247447NHLBI NIH HHS F30 HL136080NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL130007NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA040612NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007616NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008042
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RNA, DNA, and protein molecules are highly organized within three-dimensional (3D) structures in the nucleus. Although RNA has been proposed to play a role in nuclear organization, exploring this has been challenging because existing methods cannot measure higher-order RNA and DNA contacts within 3D structures. To address this, we developed RNA & DNA SPRITE (RD-SPRITE) to comprehensively map the spatial organization of RNA and DNA. These maps reveal higher-order RNA-chromatin structures associated with three major classes of nuclear function: RNA processing, heterochromatin assembly, and gene regulation. These data demonstrate that hundreds of ncRNAs form high-concentration territories throughout the nucleus, that specific RNAs are required to recruit various regulators into these territories, and that these RNAs can shape long-range DNA contacts, heterochromatin assembly, and gene expression. These results demonstrate a mechanism where RNAs form high-concentration territories, bind to diffusible regulators, and guide them into compartments to regulate essential nuclear functions.

Indexed as

AnimalsCell NucleusChromobox Protein Homolog 5ChromosomesDactinomycinDNADNA-Binding ProteinsDNA, SatelliteFemaleGenomeHEK293 CellsHeterochromatinHumansMiceModels, BiologicalMultigene FamilyChromobox Protein Homolog 5DactinomycinDNADNA-Binding ProteinsDNA, SatelliteHeterochromatinRNARNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, Long NoncodingRNA, MessengerRNA Polymerase IIRNA, RibosomalSpen protein, mousecajal bodieschromocentershistone locus bodieslncRNAsncRNAsnuclear bodiesnuclear structureRNA processing

Identifiers

PMID34739832
PMCPMC9115877
OpenAlexW3209371735

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.