ArticleGenetica2022
What is a phenotype? History and new developments of the concept.
Article in Genetica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Proteomic profiling in personalized nutrition: a systematic review and methodological frameworks of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Metabolomic Profiles in Down Syndrome: A Scoping Review of Convergent and Context-Dependent Patterns.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Sorghum During Germination and Seedling Stages.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Decoding Quantitative Traits in Yaks: Genomic Insights for Improved Breeding Strategies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The association of pain phenotype and providing caregiving with depressive symptom trajectory for older adults: a longitudinal analysis using the health and retirement study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Species evolution: cryptic species and phenotypic noise with a particular focus on fungal systematics.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Review
- Current views of drought research: experimental methods, adaptation mechanisms and regulatory strategies.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Adaptive, maladaptive, neutral, or absent plasticity: Hidden caveats of reaction norms.Evolutionary applications · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Even though the word "phenotype", as well as the expression "genotype-phenotype relationship", are a part of the everyday language of biologists, they remain abstract notions that are sometimes misunderstood or misused. In this article, I begin with a review of the genesis of the concept of phenotype and of the meaning of the genotype-phenotype "relationship" from a historical perspective. I then illustrate how the development of new approaches for exploring the living world has enabled us to phenotype organisms at multiple levels, with traits that can either be measures or parameters of functions, leading to a virtually unlimited amount of phenotypic data. Thus, pleiotropy becomes a central issue in the study of the genotype-phenotype relationship. Finally, I provide a few examples showing that important genetic and evolutionary features clearly differ with the phenotypic level considered. The way genotypic variation propagates across the phenotypic levels to shape fitness variation is an essential research program in biology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34739647What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.