Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34739589›Full record

ReviewDysphagia2023

A Short History of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry.

C Prakash Gyawali, Peter J Kahrilas

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Dysphagia, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Guideline
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Utilization trends for esophageal motility testing in the United States.Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. [Development of a balloon sensor device for force-electrical coupling measurement of esophagus].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

C Prakash GyawaliDivision of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3388-0660
Peter J KahrilasDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 St Clair St, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611-2951, USA. p-kahrilas@northwestern.edu.
Northwestern University · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

Role of altered response to volumetric distension in esophageal diseaseP01DK117824 · NIDDK · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI PANDOLFINO, JOHN E · 2018 to 2022
$7.3M
NIDDK NIH HHS P01 DK117824
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) utilizes sufficient pressure sensors such that intraluminal pressure is monitored as a continuum along luminal length, similar to time viewed as a continuum on polygraph tracings in 'conventional' manometry. When HRM is coupled with pressure topography plotting, and pressure amplitude is transformed into spectral colors with isobaric areas indicated by same-colored regions, "Clouse plots" are generated. HRM has several advantages compared to the technology that it replaced: (1) the contractility of the entire esophagus can be viewed simultaneously in a uniform standardized format, (2) standardized objective metrics of peristaltic and sphincter function can be systematically applied for interpretation, and (3) topographic patterns of contractility are more easily recognized with greater reproducibility. Leveraging these advantages led to the current standard for the interpretation of clinical esophageal HRM studies, the Chicago Classification (CC), now in its fourth iteration. Compared to conventional manometry, HRM has vastly improved the sensitivity for detecting achalasia, largely due to the objectivity and accuracy of identification of impaired esophagogastric junction (EGJ) relaxation. Additionally, it has led to the subcategorization of achalasia into three clinically relevant subtypes, differentiated by the contractile function of the esophageal body, and identified an additional disorder of EGJ outflow obstruction wherein esophageal peristalsis is preserved. Headway has also been made in understanding hypocontractile and hypercontractile conditions. In summary, HRM and the CC process have revolutionized our understanding of esophageal motility and motility disorders. Moving forward, there will always be remaining challenges, but we now have the tools to meet them.

Indexed as

Esophageal AchalasiaEsophageal Motility DisordersHumansManometryReproducibility of ResultsChicago ClassificationClouse plotsHigh-resolution manometry

Identifiers

PMID34739589
PMCPMC9380033
OpenAlexW3210139080

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.