Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34739573›Full record

ArticleRheumatology international2022

COVID-19 vaccine safety and nocebo-prone associated hesitancy in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases: a cross-sectional study.

George E Fragoulis, Vassiliki-Kalliopi Bournia, Eugenia Mavrea, Gerasimos Evangelatos, Kalliopi Fragiadaki, Anastasios Karamanakos, Eyrydiki Kravariti, Katerina Laskari, Stylianos Panopoulos, Maria Pappa and 4 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Rheumatology international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Article
  6. Interventions to Improve COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. The Nocebo Effect.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2024
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
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  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

George E FragoulisJoint Rheumatology Program, Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Mikras Asias 75 str, 11527, Athens, Greece. geofragoul@yahoo.gr.ORCID 0000-0003-4932-7023
Vassiliki-Kalliopi BourniaJoint Rheumatology Program, Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Mikras Asias 75 str, 11527, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-2162-1362
Eugenia Mavrea2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Gerasimos EvangelatosJoint Rheumatology Program, Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Mikras Asias 75 str, 11527, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3822-3093
Kalliopi FragiadakiJoint Rheumatology Program, Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Mikras Asias 75 str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Anastasios KaramanakosJoint Rheumatology Program, Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Mikras Asias 75 str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Eyrydiki KravaritiJoint Rheumatology Program, Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Mikras Asias 75 str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Katerina LaskariJoint Rheumatology Program, Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Mikras Asias 75 str, 11527, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-6477-6583
Stylianos PanopoulosJoint Rheumatology Program, Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Mikras Asias 75 str, 11527, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3720-5996
Maria PappaJoint Rheumatology Program, Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Mikras Asias 75 str, 11527, Athens, Greece.
Dimos D Mitsikostas1st Neurology Department, Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-4691-3388
Maria G TektonidouJoint Rheumatology Program, Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Mikras Asias 75 str, 11527, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2238-0975
Dimitrios Vassilopoulos2nd Department of Medicine and Laboratory, Clinical Immunology-Rheumatology Unit, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2288-3863
Petros P SfikakisJoint Rheumatology Program, Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Mikras Asias 75 str, 11527, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-5484-2930
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRHippocration General Hospital · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo describe the rate and type of adverse effects (AEs) and the frequency of disease flares after COVID-19 vaccination and to assess the reasons for vaccination hesitancy (non-vaccination) in SRD patients.

methodsTelephone interviews were conducted of SRD patients consecutively enrolled (15/06/2021-1/7/2021). Participants were asked about the type of AEs and disease flare after vaccination. Reasons for vaccination hesitancy were recorded. Univariate and mutivariable analyses examined associations of demographic, clinical and other features, with occurrence of AEs, disease flare and non-vaccination. For the latter, association with negative vaccination behaviour (not influenza vaccinated for the last 2 years) and nocebo-prone behaviour (denoting AEs attributed to negative expectations [Q-No questionnaire]) was also tested.

results561 out of 580 contacted patients were included in the study. 441/561 (78.6%) patients were vaccinated [90% (Pfizer, Moderna), 10% (Astra-Zeneca)]. AEs were reported by 148/441 (33.6%), with rates being comparable between the three vaccines. AEs were more common in females and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [OR, 95% CI; females: 2.23 (1.30-3.83); COPD: 3.31 (1.24-8.83)]. Disease flare was reported in 9/441 (2%) patients. For those unvaccinated, fear that the vaccine would be harmful (53.3%), could cause disease flare (24.2%) and/or could cause thrombosis (21.7%) were the main reasons to do so. Multivariable analysis identified as independent variables for non-vaccination: nocebo-prone behaviour (OR; 95% CI, 3.88; 1.76-8.55), negative vaccination behaviour (6.56; 3.21-13.42) and previous COVID-19 infection (2.83; 1.13-7.05). Higher educational status was protective (0.49; 0.26-0.92).

conclusionNo new safety signals for COVID-19 vaccination were observed. Vaccination campaign should target SRD patients with nocebo-prone and negative influenza vaccination behaviour.

Indexed as

Vaccination HesitancyAdultAgedCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNocebo EffectRheumatic DiseasesVaccinationCOVID-19 VaccinesAdverse effectsCOVID-19Disease flareVaccination

Identifiers

PMID34739573
PMCPMC8569844
OpenAlexW3210411688

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.