ArticleEndocrine connections2021
Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China.
Article in Endocrine connections, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of thyroid disorders in inland and coastal populations: A systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Correlations between iodine status and the risk of thyroid nodules, a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- The myth of iodine: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between iodine and thyroid nodule.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Iodine intake assessment in the staff of a Porto region university (Portugal): the iMC Salt trial.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Gender based disparities in thyroid dysfunction among the elderly: elevated prevalence in women.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Occurrence of clinically relevant thyroid nodules in adults.Radiology and oncology · 2026Article
- Iodine Excess May Lead to Low Exam Score in Children Aged 8-10 Years.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- The state of iodine deficiency in Kyrgyzstan: Insights from studies of knowledge, attitudes and practices.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association between Noise Exposure and Hyperthyroidism Risk: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Noise & healthArticle
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesA variety of factors differed between rural and urban areas may further influence iodine status and thyroid structure. Hence, this study compared iodine nutrition, the prevalence of thyroid goiter, and nodules between rural and urban residents in Guangzhou, a southern coastal city of China.
methodsA total of 1211 rural residents and 1305 urban residents were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire regarding personal characteristics was administered. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was examined. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed to evaluate thyroid goiter and nodules. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the potential associated factors.
resultsThe median UIC was significantly lower in rural residents than in urban residents (120.80 μg/L vs 136.00 μg/L, P < 0.001). Although the coverage rate of iodized salt was much higher in rural residents than in urban residents (99.59% vs 97.29%, P < 0.001), the percentages of seafood intake (8.60% vs 29.29%, P < 0.001), iodine-containing drug consumption (0.33% vs 1.24%, P = 0.011), and iodine contrast medium injection (0.58% vs 1.87%, P = 0.004) were lower in rural residents than in urban residents. Both the prevalence of thyroid goiters and nodules was significantly higher in rural residents than in urban residents (goiter: 8.06% vs 1.20%, P < 0.001; nodules: 61.89% vs 55.04%, P = 0.023). Living in rural areas was associated with thyroid goiter (OR 5.114, 95% CI 2.893-9.040, P < 0.001).
conclusionsThere were differences in iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents in Guangzhou. Differentiated and specialized monitoring is recommended in our area.
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