Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34739340›Full record

ReviewScience immunology2021

The double-edged sword: Harnessing PD-1 blockade in tumor and autoimmunity.

Juhi R Kuchroo, David A Hafler, Arlene H Sharpe, Liliana E Lucca

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Science immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Involvement of the PD-1 pathway in the modulation of immune responses during allergic diseases.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. CD27 and ICOS as Targets of PD-1/PD-L1 Signaling to Regulate Resident Memory CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Unmasking a Paradox: Roles of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis in Alzheimer's Disease-Associated Neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Microbiome influencers of checkpoint blockade-associated toxicity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Juhi R KuchrooDepartment of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9033-3420
David A HaflerDepartments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4664-535X
Arlene H SharpeDepartment of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9736-2109
Liliana E LuccaDepartments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5109-0128

Funding

Role of Negative Costimulation in Regulation of AutoimmunityP01AI039671 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI David A. Hafler · 1996 to 2026
$51.7M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM007753 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI WALENSKY, LOREN DAVID · 1985 to 2021
$50.0M
Yale SPORE in Skin CancerP50CA121974 · NCI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI RUTH HALABAN · 2006 to 2026
$43.9M
Transgenic/KnockoutP01AI056299 · NIAID · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI BLAZAR, BRUCE R · 2003 to 2023
$42.5M
Synergies among inhibitory receptors in tolerance, cancer & antiviral immunityP01AI108545 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Dario AA Vignali · 2015 to 2026
$30.8M
Transgenic / Knock-out mouse coreP01AI073748 · NIAID · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BEHAR, SAMUEL M · 2008 to 2019
$17.1M
The function of T Bet in EAEP01NS038037 · NINDS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI WEINER, HOWARD L · 2000 to 2010
$12.8M
A Catalog of Cell Types and Genomic Elements in Tissues, Organoids and DiseaseUM1HG009390 · NHGRI · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI BERNSTEIN, BRADLEY EVAN · 2017 to 2021
$11.0M
(8) Mechanisms of autoimmune endocrine diseases in patients receiving checkpoint inhibitorsR01CA227473 · NCI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI HEROLD, KEVAN C, KLUGER, HARRIET M. · 2018 to 2022
$3.2M
NCI NIH HHS P50 CA121974NCI NIH HHS R01 CA227473NHGRI NIH HHS UM1 HG009390NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI039671NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI056299NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI073748NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI108545NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007753NINDS NIH HHS P01 NS038037
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated success in treating cancer but can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), illustrating the centrality of these pathways in tolerance. Here, we describe programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) control of T cell responses, focusing on its unique restraint of regulatory T cell function. We examine successes and limitations of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy and review clinical and mechanistic features of irAEs. Last, we discuss strategies to modulate PD-1 blockade to enhance antitumor immunity while limiting autoimmunity.

Indexed as

AutoimmunityHumansNeoplasmsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryPDCD1 protein, humanProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptor

Identifiers

PMID34739340
PMCPMC13541067

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.