ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2022
Engineered Small Extracellular Vesicles as a FGL1/PD-L1 Dual-Targeting Delivery System for Alleviating Immune Rejection.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles in targeted drug delivery: from biological functions to surface engineering.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- A review of recent advances in exosome-mediated drug delivery for regenerative therapy and immunomodulation.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Immune-evasive stem cells: engineering tolerance and reprogramming microenvironments for regenerative therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Trackable Tolerogenic Macrophages Integrate PD-L1 and Rapamycin Signaling to Suppress Alloimmune Responses in Transplantation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Exosomes in ocular graft-versus-host disease: an overview.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in atopic dermatitis: unraveling pathogenic mediators and engineering therapeutic vectors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unraveling fibrinogen-like protein 1's role in immune regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Revolutionizing cancer treatment: engineering mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Regulatory Immune Cell-derived Exosomes: Modes of Action and Therapeutic Potential in Transplantation.Transplantation · 2025Review
- Overview of Cellular Therapeutics Clinical Trials: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- CD73-expressing endometrial regenerative cell-derived exosomes mitigate acute cardiac allograft rejection through regulating adenosine metabolism in mice.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Unlocking Transplant Tolerance with Biomaterials.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease: A Novel Cell-Free Therapeutic Strategy and Diagnostic Biomarker.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Targeted Drug Delivery to ACE2Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Article
- Recent progress of nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of rejection in heart transplantation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Unlocking therapeutic potential: Targeting lymphocyte activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) with fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) in systemic lupus erythematosus.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2024Review
- Yap methylation-induced FGL1 expression suppresses anti-tumor immunity and promotes tumor progression in KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2024Article
- Advances and applications of biomimetic biomaterials for endogenous skin regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- FGL1: a novel biomarker and target for non-small cell lung cancer, promoting tumor progression and metastasis through KDM4A/STAT3 transcription mechanism.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There is an urgent need for developing new immunosuppressive agents due to the toxicity of long-term use of broad immunosuppressive agents after organ transplantation. Comprehensive sample analysis revealed dysregulation of FGL1/LAG-3 and PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoints in allogeneic heart transplantation mice and clinical kidney transplant patients. In order to enhance these two immunosuppressive signal axes, a bioengineering strategy is developed to simultaneously display FGL1/PD-L1 (FP) on the surface of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Among various cell sources, FP sEVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) not only enriches FGL1/PD-L1 expression but also maintain the immunomodulatory properties of unmodified MSC sEVs. Next, it is confirmed that FGL1 and PD-L1 on sEVs are specifically bound to their receptors, LAG-3 and PD-1 on target cells. Importantly, FP sEVs significantly inhibite T cell activation and proliferation in vitro and a heart allograft model. Furthermore, FP sEVs encapsulated with low-dose FK506 (FP sEVs@FK506) exert stronger effects on inhibiting T cell proliferation, reducing CD8
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.