Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2022
Metformin versus insulin therapy for gestational diabetes: Effects on offspring anthropometrics and metabolism at the age of 9 years: A follow-up study of two open-label, randomized controlled trials.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT02417090. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Metformin Therapy for Gestational Diabetes - Metabolic Late Effects on Child at 9 Years of Age
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin safety during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal, neonatal and long-term outcomes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Intrauterine metformin exposure and adiposity outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Fetal and post-natal outcomes in offspring after intrauterine metformin exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal experiments.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2024Pooled it
- Metformin Versus Insulin for Gestational Diabetes: Cognitive and Neuropsychological Profiles of Children Aged 9 years.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP · 2023Trial
- Metformin versus insulin therapy for gestational diabetes: Effects on offspring anthropometrics and metabolism at the age of 9 years: A follow-up study of two open-label, randomized controlled trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- Metformin Inhibits Trophoblast Ferroptosis by Suppressing ATF2 and Activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway to Improve Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Insulin plus metformin for gestational diabetes mellitus: impacts on blood glucose, coagulation function, and pregnancy outcomes.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Foetal Metformin Exposure, Childhood Adiposity and Future Cardiovascular Risk: Can We Connect the Dots?TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Long-term effects of metformin on offspring health: A review of current evidence and future directions.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Effects of Prebiotic Phytocompound Administration in Gestational Diabetic Dams and Its Influence on Offspring Cognitive Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Gestational diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome, a position statement from EGOI-PCOS.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Metformin use in pregnancy: What about long-term effects in offspring?Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Metformin's effect on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease through the miR-200a-5p and AMPK/SERCA2b pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Antidiabetic Medication Utilisation before and during Pregnancy in Switzerland between 2012 and 2019: An Administrative Claim Database from the MAMA Cohort.Journal of diabetes research · 2023Article
- Lights and shadows on the use of metformin in pregnancy: from the preconception phase to breastfeeding and beyond.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Editorial: Current and future trends in gestational diabetes diagnosis, care and neonatal outcomes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Association of Polyphenols Consumption with Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Metformin: A promising option for the management of gestational diabetes mellitus - Exploring the benefits, challenges and clinical needs in the current management of gestational diabetes mellitus.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2022Article
- Comparison of glucose metabolism and anthropometry in women with previous gestational diabetes treated with metformin vs. insulin: 9-year follow-up of two randomized trials.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo compare anthropometrics, and lipid and glucose metabolism in the 9-year-old offspring of mothers treated with metformin or insulin for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIALS AND
methodsThis was a Finnish two-centre, 9-year follow-up study of two open-label, randomized controlled trials comparing the effects observed in the offspring of mothers who received metformin and insulin treatment for GDM. Measurements included anthropometrics, blood pressure, lipoproteins, and oral glucose tolerance tests. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02417090.
resultsAt the age of 9 years 172 children (55% of the original study cohort, 82 from the metformin and 90 from the insulin group) participated in the study. No differences were found between the 9-year-old offspring groups in anthropometric variables, including body mass index and waist-to-height ratio. The offspring in the metformin group had higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations (1.72 vs. 1.54 mmol/L; P = 0.039) but lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.39 vs. 2.58 mmol/L; P = 0.046) and apolipoprotein B concentrations (0.63 vs. 0.67 g/L; P = 0.043) than the offspring in the insulin group. The difference in HDL cholesterol concentration was found to be significant only in boys (P = 0.003). The 2-hour glucose value in the oral glucose tolerance test was 0.6-mmol/L lower in boys from the metformin group than in those from the insulin group (P = 0.015).
conclusionsMetformin treatment for GDM is associated with similar offspring growth and glucose metabolism but a more favourable lipid profile at the age of 9 years as compared to insulin treatment.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.