Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34737927›Full record

ArticleQuantitative imaging in medicine and surgery2021

Ectosome biogenesis and release processes observed by using live-cell dynamic imaging in mammalian glial cells.

Mengjiao Sun, Xiufen Xue, Lingyun Li, Dandan Xu, Shihe Li, Shengwen Calvin Li, Qingning Su

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Mengjiao SunBioengineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Xiufen XueBioengineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Lingyun LiBioengineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Dandan XuNephrology Department, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.
Shihe LiBioengineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Shengwen Calvin LiNeuro-oncology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory (NSCL), CHOC Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), Orange, CA, USA.
Qingning SuBioengineering Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Shenzhen University · CNShenzhen University Health Science Center · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEctosomes are recognized as shedding from the plasma membranes into the extracellular environment. Recent research has demonstrated that ectosomes are surrounded by phospholipid membranes containing lipid rafts and caveolae. Some ectosomes contain cytokines in the lumen and have high levels of phosphatidylserine exposed to the outer membrane. Intracellular vesicles share both characters with ectosomes. Why the plasma membrane-derived ectosomes have the same characteristics as intracellular vesicles remain largely unknown.

methodsUsing live-cell dynamic imaging, we recorded the process of ectosome biogenesis and release in primary cultured neural cells.

resultsOur results show two different ectosome release methods: slow-releasing and fast-releasing. In the slow-releasing, multiple ectosomes emerge almost simultaneously on the cell surface and are released by outward budding from the plasma membrane. In the fast releasing, ectosomes squeeze out of the membrane domain and pinch off from a cell's surface. Using ER-tracker for live-cell imaging, we directly observed the process that intracellular vesicles jump out of the plasma membrane for release. This type of ectosomes has a reverse array of membrane proteins and phospholipids compared to the plasma membrane. So ectosomes should be divided into two groups: plasma membrane-derived and intracellular membrane-derived ectosomes.

conclusionsBoth slow releasing and fast releasing EVs imply mechanisms of human diseases and for diagnostics and drug delivery.

Indexed as

caveolaecytokinedrug deliveryEctosome releaseextracellular vesicleslive-cell imagingmicrotubulesphosphatidylserine

Identifiers

PMID34737927
PMCPMC8511719
OpenAlexW3181931539

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.