ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Applicability of Small-Molecule Inhibitors in the Study of Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 (PAD2) and PAD4.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4 suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication and modulates the inflammatory response.iScience · 2026Article
- Citrullination Accompanies the Development of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Peptidylarginine Deiminases: An Overview of Recent Advances in Citrullination Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cell-free DNA in sepsis: from molecular insights to clinical management.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- PADI4 expression in baseline circulating tumour cells acts as a prognostic biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2025Article
- A Multifaceted Computational Approach to Identify PAD4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).Metabolites · 2025Article
- Citrullinated and malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde-modified fibrinogen activates macrophages and promotes profibrotic responses in human lung fibroblasts.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- Identification of novel PAD2 inhibitors using pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and MD simulation studies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Targeting Peptidylarginine Deiminase 3 to Efficiently Suppress Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The role of anti-citrullinated protein antibody in pathogenesis of RA.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Neutrophil-Derived Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase Activity Contributes to Pulmonary Emphysema by Enhancing Elastin Degradation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Reciprocal regulation of protein arginine deiminase 2 and 4 expression in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2024Article
- The vacuolar anti-Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Multiple Sclerosis: New Insights into Molecular Pathogenesis and Novel Platforms for Disease Treatment.Current drug research reviews · 2024Review
- Protein Citrullination in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases.Journal of experimental neurology · 2024Article
- Citrullination profile analysis reveals peptidylarginine deaminase 3 as an HSV-1 target to dampen the activity of candidate antiviral restriction factors.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Neutrophil elastase activates the release of extracellular traps from COPD blood monocyte-derived macrophages.Clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Citrullination and the protein code: crosstalk between post-translational modifications in cancer.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Citrullination, the conversion of peptidyl-arginine into peptidyl-citrulline, is involved in the breakage of self-tolerance in anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis. This reaction is catalyzed by peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs), of which PAD2 and PAD4 are thought to play key pathogenic roles. Small-molecule PAD inhibitors such as the pan-PAD inhibitor BB-Cl-amidine, the PAD2-specific inhibitor AFM-30a, and the PAD4-specific inhibitor GSK199 hold therapeutic potential and are useful tools in studies of citrullination. Using an ELISA based on the citrullination of fibrinogen, we found that AFM-30a inhibited the catalytic activity of PADs derived from live PMNs or lysed PBMCs and PMNs and of PADs in cell-free synovial fluid samples from RA patients, while GSK199 had minor effects. In combination, AFM-30a and GSK199 inhibited total intracellular citrullination and citrullination of histone H3 in PBMCs, as determined by Western blotting. They were essentially nontoxic to CD4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.