ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2021
GH Deficiency and Replacement Therapy in Hypopituitarism: Insight Into the Relationships With Other Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axes.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of long-acting growth hormone analogs on other hypothalamic-pituitary axes: a real-world study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Utility of Postoperative Thyroid Hormone Levels in Predicting the Diagnosis of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Pilot Study.International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Decompensated liver cirrhosis as a rare consequence of long-term untreated panhypopituitarism after craniopharyngioma resection: a case report.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Review
- Contribution of insulin‑like growth factor‑1 to tendon repair (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Growth Hormone Therapy Restores Fertility in a Woman With Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency From Chronic Sheehan Syndrome.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- Adherence to recombinant human growth hormone therapy in children: influencing factors and clinical implications.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Microglia-derived ADAM9 promote GHRH neurons pyroptosis by Mad2L2-JNK-caspase-1 pathway in subarachnoid hemorrhage.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Hypoglycemia in Children: Major Endocrine-Metabolic Causes and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency: Diagnostic and Treatment Journeys From the Patients' Perspective.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022Article
- Guidance for the treatment of adult growth hormone deficiency with somapacitan, a long-acting growth hormone preparation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
GH deficiency (GHD) in adult patients is a complex condition, mainly due to organic lesion of hypothalamic-pituitary region and often associated with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD). The relationships between the GH/IGF-I system and other hypothalamic-pituitary axes are complicated and not yet fully clarified. Many reports have shown a bidirectional interplay both at a central and at a peripheral level. Signs and symptoms of other pituitary deficiencies often overlap and confuse with those due to GH deficiency. Furthermore, a condition of untreated GHD may mask concomitant pituitary deficiencies, mainly central hypothyroidism and hypoadrenalism. In this setting, the diagnosis could be delayed and possible only after recombinant human Growth Hormone (rhGH) replacement. Since inappropriate replacement of other pituitary hormones may exacerbate many manifestations of GHD, a correct diagnosis is crucial. This paper will focus on the main studies aimed to clarify the effects of GHD and rhGH replacement on other pituitary axes. Elucidating the possible contexts in which GHD may develop and examining the proposed mechanisms at the basis of interactions between the GH/IGF-I system and other axes, we will focus on the importance of a correct diagnosis to avoid possible pitfalls.
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