ReviewMolecular psychiatry2022
Recognizing the importance of childhood maltreatment as a critical factor in psychiatric diagnoses, treatment, research, prevention, and education.
Review in Molecular psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 298 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder, trauma and parenting stress: an individual participant data meta-analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Depression.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Examining associations, moderators and mediators between childhood maltreatment, social functioning, and social cognition in psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of conditioned fear generalization in anxiety-related disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Unfinished business: A grounded theory analysis of change among individuals classified as numerical non-responders to psychodynamic psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder related to childhood maltreatment.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2026Trial
- Differences in the diagnosis and treatment decisions for children in care compared to their peers: An experimental study on post-traumatic stress disorder.The British journal of clinical psychology · 2022Trial
- Effectiveness of Collaborative, Trauma-Informed Care on Depression Outcomes in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Control Trial in Chile.Annals of family medicineTrial
- Adverse life experiences and psychopathology trajectories in routine Cognitive Behaviour Therapy.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Observational
- Associations of childhood maltreatment types and timing with oxidative stress in formerly out-of-home placed young adults.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- From childhood to adult trauma and negative birth experiences: distal and proximal factors associated with childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Measures matter: assessing childhood maltreatment and emotion dysregulation in a transdiagnostic sample.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and psychiatric outcomes among women with schizophrenia and depression in Singapore.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Update on psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Promotion of long-term health in early life.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The role of social support in transdiagnostic symptom networks in affective and psychotic disorders: a cross-sectional and longitudinal network analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- A Digital Registry and Education Network for Child Maltreatment Protection: Protocol for a Pilot Observational Exploratory Intervention Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Observational
- Childhood Maltreatment and Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- History of childhood trauma enhances the detrimental effects of recent stressors on brain structure and function in major depressive disorder.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is the most important preventable risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Maltreated individuals typically develop psychiatric disorders at an earlier age, have a more pernicious course, more comorbidities, greater symptom severity, and respond less favorably to treatments than non-maltreated individuals with the same primary DSM-5 diagnosis. Furthermore, maltreated individuals have alterations in stress-susceptible brain regions, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response, and inflammatory marker levels not discernible in their non-maltreated counterparts. Hence, maltreated and non-maltreated individuals with the same primary DSM-5 diagnoses appear to be clinically and neurobiologically distinct. The failure to embody this distinction in DSM-5 has interfered with our ability to discover novel treatments, to recommend currently available treatments most likely to be efficacious, and has been a largely unrecognized confound that has thwarted our ability to identify the biological basis for major psychiatric disorders. Incorporating this distinction into DSM will help transform this sign and symptom-based classification system to a more etiologically informed nosology. We discuss several diagnostic alternatives and recommend the inclusion of a Developmental Trauma Disorder diagnosis for severely dysregulated individuals, of all ages, with numerous comorbidities, who experienced interpersonal victimization and disruptions in attachment, such as emotional maltreatment or neglect. For less severely affected maltreated individuals, we suggest using conventional diagnostic categories, such as major depression, but with an essential modifier indicating a history of childhood maltreatment, or early life stress, to delineate the ecophenotypic variant. Implementing this strategy should improve our ability to effectively diagnose and treat individuals with psychiatric disorders and to accelerate discovery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.