Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34737426›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2021

A generalized linear mixed model association tool for biobank-scale data.

Longda Jiang, Zhili Zheng, Hailing Fang, Jian Yang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 454 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
454citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

454 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  9. Inflammatory cytokines are associated with stroke and risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025
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394 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Longda Jiang *Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Zhili Zheng *Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Hailing FangSchool of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
Jian YangInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. jian.yang@westlake.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-2474

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_PC_17228Medical Research Council MC_QA137853
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Compared with linear mixed model-based genome-wide association (GWA) methods, generalized linear mixed model (GLMM)-based methods have better statistical properties when applied to binary traits but are computationally much slower. In the present study, leveraging efficient sparse matrix-based algorithms, we developed a GLMM-based GWA tool, fastGWA-GLMM, that is severalfold to orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art tools when applied to the UK Biobank (UKB) data and scalable to cohorts with millions of individuals. We show by simulation that the fastGWA-GLMM test statistics of both common and rare variants are well calibrated under the null, even for traits with extreme case-control ratios. We applied fastGWA-GLMM to the UKB data of 456,348 individuals, 11,842,647 variants and 2,989 binary traits (full summary statistics available at http://fastgwa.info/ukbimpbin ), and identified 259 rare variants associated with 75 traits, demonstrating the use of imputed genotype data in a large cohort to discover rare variants for binary complex traits.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsBiological Specimen BanksLinear ModelsModels, GeneticAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesGenetic VariationGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHumansMiddle AgedPhenotypeUnited Kingdom

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.