ArticleArthritis research & therapy2021
Immune cell profiles in synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Advances in immunomodulatory strategies for meniscal regeneration].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Review
- Comparison of innate and adaptive immune responses to joint injury during the onset and progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in common murine models.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Inflammatory factors released by ACL reconstruction tendon grafts and their potential for macrophage polarization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Resident synovial macrophages in synovial fluid: Implications for immunoregulation.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Factors Influencing the Amount of ACL Remnant Available for Preservation at the Time of ACL Surgery: An Analysis of 5725 Knees From the SANTI Study Group Database.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Unraveling the complex interplay of sex, endocrinology, and inflammation in post-Injury articular cartilage breakdown through in silico modeling.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The immune landscape of the inflamed joint defined by spectral flow cytometry.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Identification of hub genes through integrated single-cell and microarray transcriptome analysis in osteoarthritic meniscus.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Shedding light on the effects of blood on meniscus tissue: the role of mononuclear leukocytes in mediating meniscus catabolism.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2024Article
- Resident Synovial Macrophages in Synovial Fluid: Implications for Immunoregulation in Infectious and Inflammatory Arthritis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- The Effects of an Osteoarthritic Joint Environment on ACL Damage and Degeneration: A Yucatan Miniature Pig Model.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- The Interplay of Biomechanical and Biological Changes Following Meniscus Injury.Current rheumatology reports · 2023Review
- The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Synovial Fluid Analysis in Joint Diseases.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery: Creating a Permissive Healing Phenotype in Military Personnel and Civilians for Faster Recovery.Military medicine · 2022Article
- Mechano Growth Factor Accelerates ACL Repair and Improves Cell Mobility of Mechanically Injured Human ACL Fibroblasts by Targeting Rac1-PAK1/2 and RhoA-ROCK1 Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Construction and analysis of a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous RNA network from inflamed and normal synovial tissues after anterior cruciate ligament and/or meniscus injuries.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus tears are common knee injuries. Despite the high rate of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) following these injuries, the contributing factors remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the immune cell profiles of normal and injured joints at the time of ACL and meniscal surgeries.
methodsTwenty-nine patients (14 meniscus-injured and 15 ACL-injured) undergoing ACL and/or meniscus surgery but with a normal contralateral knee were recruited. During surgery, synovial fluid was aspirated from both normal and injured knees. Synovial fluid cells were pelleted, washed, and stained with an antibody cocktail consisting of fluorescent antibodies for cell surface proteins. Analysis of immune cells in the synovial fluid was performed by polychromatic flow cytometry. A broad spectrum immune cell panel was used in the first 10 subjects. Based on these results, a T cell-specific panel was used in the subsequent 19 subjects.
resultsUsing the broad spectrum immune cell panel, we detected significantly more total viable cells and CD3 T cells in the injured compared to the paired normal knees. In addition, there were significantly more injured knees with T cells above a 500-cell threshold. Within the injured knees, CD4 and CD8 T cells were able to be differentiated into subsets. The frequency of total CD4 T cells was significantly different among injury types, but no statistical differences were detected among CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets by injury type.
conclusionsOur findings provide foundational data showing that ACL and meniscus injuries induce an immune cell-rich microenvironment that consists primarily of T cells with multiple T helper phenotypes. Future studies investigating the relationship between immune cells and joint degeneration may provide an enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of PTOA following joint injury.
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