Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34736353›Full record

ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2021

Disparities in healthcare access and utilization and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation in the United States.

Kunal Goel, Lavanya Vasudevan

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding HPV Vaccination and Self-Sampling Among US Young Adults.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2026
    Article
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  10. Rural-urban disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination: Findings from a cross-sectional survey of 13 southern US states, December 2019-January 2020.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025
    Article
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  18. Integrated Health Maintenance Reminders for Improved HPV Vaccine Administration: Toward Improvements in Completion Disparities.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kunal GoelDepartment of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5799-3459
Lavanya VasudevanDepartment of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2900-6070
Duke University · US

Funding

Institutional Career Development CoreKL2TR002554 · NCATS · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI SVETKEY, LAURA P · 2018 to 2022
$8.2M
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR002554
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Currently in the United States, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage among eligible individuals is lower compared to coverage goals of 80% set by the HealthyPeople 2030 initiative. In this study, we used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 datasets to determine the association between HPV vaccine initiation among individuals of ages 9 to 26 years and their patterns of healthcare access and utilization. In particular, we examined the following healthcare characteristics: 1) having a routine place of healthcare, 2) having health insurance coverage, 3) frequency of healthcare visits per year, and 4) type of routine place of healthcare (outpatient primary care vs. ED, etc.). We fit independent multivariable logistic regression models for each NHANES dataset and controlled for sociodemographic characteristics and interactions with healthcare access and utilization characteristics. Our findings suggest that HPV vaccine initiation is positively associated with having a routine place of healthcare (2015-2016: aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.25-2.95; 2017-2018: aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.07-3.68). Relatedly, HPV vaccine initiation is negatively associated with never having received healthcare in the past year (2015-2016: aOR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.90; 2017-2018: aOR 0.45, 95% CI 0.27-0.75). The results of this study suggest that interventions to promote HPV vaccination should include strategies that promote access to and utilization of routine health care services. Our findings are particularly salient in light of the drop in HPV vaccine initiation and healthcare access and utilization among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Indexed as

AlphapapillomavirusCOVID-19Papillomavirus InfectionsPapillomavirus VaccinesAdolescentAdultChildHealth Services AccessibilityHumansNutrition SurveysPandemicsSARS-CoV-2United StatesYoung AdultPapillomavirus Vaccinesadolescentcervical cancerCOVID-19healthcare accesshealth insuranceHPV vaccinehuman papilloma virus (HPV)oncogenic virusUnited Statesvaccination uptake

Identifiers

PMID34736353
PMCPMC8903982
OpenAlexW3210060724

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.